google.com, pub-6663105814926378, DIRECT, f08c47fec0942fa0 Around the World JM: 2022-07-17


USA: She woke up from coma and identified her brother as her near-killer

A 51-year-old woman in the US came out of a coma after two years and identified her brother as her near-murderer.


A West Virginia woman has recovered from a coma after two years and has identified her brother as the victim of the assault that left her in a coma , police said.


Wanda Palmer, 51 , accused her brother of assaulting her inside her home in June 2020. The assailant attacked her, hitting her with an ax and knocking her unconscious, according to a statement from the Jackson County Sheriff's Office.


Police found Palmer "in an upright position" on her couch with serious injuries that appeared to have been caused by an ax. When police got there, they believed the woman was dead. But they soon found she was still alive and breathing, Sheriff Ross Mellinger told CNN .


The assault weapon was never found. A witness reported seeing her brother, Daniel, on her porch around midnight the night before she was found critically injured . The police investigated several people but were never able to prosecute anyone.


A few weeks ago they called the sheriff's office from the facility where Palmer is being treated and were told that the woman was able to talk to law enforcement .


Palmer could answer yes or no questions, but her testimony was enough to get her brother arrested . Daniel Palmer, 55, was charged with attempted murder and bail was set at $500,000.


Top 100 Horror Story


1. "Humans can lick too"


Farmersburg, Indiana, 1987: Lisa is often alone in her large, isolated house in the heart of the cornfields. Her parents come home late every night and have therefore decided to buy her a dog, to reassure her. One night, she is awakened by the sound of dripping water. She gets up and goes to turn off the bathroom faucet. While lying down she slips her hand under her bed and her dog licks it. This reassures her. The noise continues and she decides to turn on the tap in the bathroom. She lies down again and slips her hand under her bed again, and her dog licks it again. But the noise continues and Lisa can't sleep. She makes a final tour of the house without finding anything, and therefore lies down again, sliding her hand under the bed. The dog licks her again. The noise is still there and Lisa decides to locate its origin: the sound comes from her closet. Opening it she discovers her slaughtered dog, suspended by the hind legs, slowly emptying his blood. On the door of the cupboard a message written in letter of blood: "HUMANS TOO CAN LICK"

2. "The killer in the back seat"


Lyon, France, 1994: Nathalie finishes her nursing service, it is 5am. She gets into her car and walks through the still deserted streets. Very quickly, she notices that a car is following her closely. When passing her, the car falls back violently behind Nathalie and begins to flash the headlights at her. The young nurse accelerates, anxious, while trying to see the driver of the vehicle in his rearview mirror. The calls of the headlights continue, frantic. She turns right, then left: the car follows her. Nathalie starts to panic, what does this person want from her? She arrives in the alley leading to her house. Her only hope is to do it all and run and lock herself in her house to call the police. As she gets out of the car, she hears her pursuer get out and yell "LOCK UP AND CALL THE POLICE QUICKLY!" " Not daring to turn around, she locks herself in her home and calls the gendarmes. She peeks out the window to see a tall figure armed with a butcher's knife, savagely attacking the man behind her. Terrified, Nathalie takes refuge in her bathroom, praying for help to arrive as soon as possible. It is only later that she will understand what really happened that day: the man in the car was trying to save her. He had seen a man slip into Nathalie's car and was trying to warn her. He paid for it with his life.

3. "The babysitter and the upstairs killer"


Windermere, UK, 1982: Helen is 16 and attends a babysitting service. Tonight she has to look after the 3 children of a young couple, absent for the evening. When she arrives, they inform her that the children are already in bed and that they will not be home late. Helen sits down on the sofa in the large house and opens a book. The phone rings, but when she picks up, no one is speaking on the other end of the line. A few minutes later, the phone rings again, and this time a chilling voice answers: "Did you go to see the children?" " then nothing. Thinking that it was the father calling her to find out if everything was going well, she told herself that he had been cut and that he would call back. Indeed, a few minutes later the telephone rang: "Did you go to see the children?" The voice repeats. "Mr. Stuart? She asks, worried, but no one answers. She decides to call the restaurant where her employers dine but is informed that they have been gone for 10 minutes. She then contacted the police, but they told her that they could do nothing against the telephone hoaxes. No sooner has she hung up than the stranger calls her again: "Why didn't you go see the children?" " Frightened, she contacts the police again, assuring them that this stranger is there, nearby, that she can feel him. The agent on the other end of the line decides to take her number and reassures her: "The next time he calls you, we'll trace the origin of the call, okay Helen?" Above all, stay calm. "

Helen turns off the living room and locks herself in the kitchen, the phone beside her. He rings and this time she picks up right away - "What do you want with me in the end?" "-" Why did you turn off the lights? "- " Who are you ? What do you want from me? "-" I see you you know. "-" Ok, very well, you scared me, it was successful. Are you happy is what you wanted? "- " No. What I want is to bathe in your blood. " Helen hangs up abruptly, terrified, but the bell rings again. "LEAVE ME" she yells into the receiver. - "Helen, it's me, we've traced the call, you need to get out right away." The call comes from one of the rooms in the house. Get out immediately! " She rushes to the door, and begins to unlock it, trembling. She panics, drops the key, picks it up, then gets up. She hears a noise behind her back and then sees a door open at the top of the stairs. A halo of light comes out of the children's room and she clearly distinguishes the silhouette of a man standing, turned towards her. She finally manages to open the door and throws herself outside, coming face to face with several policemen on the landing, weapon in hand. Immediately taken care of by the emergency services, she just has time to turn around and see the mad killer , handcuffed by the police. The man is covered in blood. That of the 3 children of the Stuart family.

4. "Bloody Mary"


This story happened to the sister of a friend of one of the Topito editors who preferred to remain anonymous. We are in 1997, the 9 year old girl, whom we will name Anna, organizes a "pajama" party with some friends. One of them then tells them the story of a certain Mary Worth, a beautiful young girl who would have lived many, many years ago. Following a very serious accident, Mary found herself horribly disfigured. Knowing how mad it would drive her to see her beautiful damaged face, her parents forbade her to see her reflection. They threw away all the mirrors in the house except one, the one in their personal bathroom. One night, Mary sneaked discreetly into the room. As soon as she bared his face, she collapsed. After hearing this story, Anna and her friends think it would be a good idea to give it a try, and see. They then lock themselves in the bathroom and repeat in front of a mirror: "Bloody Mary, Bloody Mary, Bloody Mary". Suddenly, one of Anna's friends starts screaming, so loud that the mother bursts into the bathroom. She turns on the light and discovers a horrible scene: all the girls are sitting on the floor, panicked. Only one remains standing, clinging to the sink, frozen with terror. Deep, bloody gashes run down her cheek, long nail marks left by the ghost of Mary Worth. Anna has never forgotten this evening.

5. "The hook"


Amherst, Massachussetts, 1973: Tonight, Thomas D. has a date, and he knows exactly where to lead Melany: behind the woods on the outskirts of town is a secluded glade perfect for a little galling session. So he picks up his sweetheart in the car and parks quietly in the clearing, leaving the car radio running. Suddenly, the music stops and an urgent press release is broadcast on the radio: a murderer has escaped from the asylum located a few miles from Amherst. The presenter gives a somewhat vague description of it, but nevertheless specifies that this very dangerous man has a hook on his right arm. Frightened, Melany asks Thomas to take her home. Out of the question for the teenager who intends to show that he is not afraid of anything. As he leans in to kiss her, a cracking branch makes them jump. Melany immediately makes her "date" understand that this time it's time to go home. Reluctantly, he reverses and sets off quickly towards the city center. Arrived in front of Melany's house, the latter gets out of the car and starts screaming uncontrollably. Thomas rushes towards her and discovers what puts her in this state: hanging on the handle of the car, a bloody hook swings gently.

6. "The neighbor"


Paris region, 2015: after long months looking for an apartment, Lucien has just moved into his building. Freshly installed, Lucien takes his ease in his new home. One night, someone knocks on his door. He gets up and goes to open it. A woman stands there and asks her if she can spend the night at his place because her partner hits her. Lucien is somewhat surprised and dubious. The woman reassures him by telling him that she has called her family and that they will come and pick her up early in the morning. The young man gives her a blanket and offers to spend the night on the sofa. When she wakes up, the blanket is folded on the couch and the young woman is gone. He gets ready and goes to work. The following evening, we knock again on his door. The same woman is at her door, but this time she is punched in the face. She asks him for hospitality a second time. Unable to accept, Lucien offers to sleep in the same place as the day before. In the morning, she is no longer there. The same merry-go-round is repeated throughout the week. Worried, the young man goes to the police station to explain the situation. The agent shows him a photo in which he recognizes the woman. The police tell her that this woman was beaten to death in her apartment building by her husband and died of her injuries several months ago.

7. Goodbye


I found this story from the diary of a deceased old neighbor who has lived alone for years: “I rushed off to pick up my son from school. The traffic was rather fluid that day, nothing on my road except a few red lights. It had been quite a while since I was waiting at a red light when I noticed a woman. I had no idea how long she had been standing there staring at me, but once I couldn't look away. She looked at me like crazy and waved her hand towards me, stroking the hair of a little boy's head. Her little boy, her son I imagine, wore loose brown clothes and a black goat mask. Was it a weird costume and especially who wears a costume the day after Halloween? He too was waving his hand in my direction and staring at me through that disturbing mask, but his movement seemed uncomfortable and forced. The woman's eyes could see right through me and I could almost physically feel her gaze catching on me. She wasn't even blinking. I felt naked and very tense. And the boy's eyes, my god, the boy's eyes were pleading and begging for help. The woman started to get impatient, waving her hand harder every second. I looked away. For some reason I was terrified. I needed to run away. Once the light went green, which had seemed like an eternity, I drove off. I didn't even bother to look behind. I thought nothing would be more terrifying than this moment. Then I got to school and they told me my son was not there. They told me that my wife had already collected it. I don't have a wife. They handed me a note, telling me that she had asked for them to give it to me. There are no words to describe how I felt reading it. "Don't say I didn't give you a chance to say goodbye to him. "

8. The white lady


We start with one of the most famous urban legends. This one is great because it comes in 50 different versions and in lots of different places. In short, we can meet the white lady all over the place. According to the version we find most often, the white lady is a young woman dressed in white who hitchhikes on the side of the road. If you take her in your car, she will remain silent but will start to panic and finally disappear when approaching a bend (the one where she would have lost her life.) If you decide to ignore her and not take her in. stop, then it is death assured in this turn. Morality, take a taxi, or avoid the small country roads.

9. Bloody Mary


Legend has it that Mary was a young mother who committed suicide in her bathroom after losing her baby. Persuaded that someone is at the origin of the death of her child, she haunts the mirrors of the bathrooms today to kill the culprit. Anyone who would say “Bloody Mary” three times in front of their mirror and spin three times would then see Bloody Mary standing behind them. If the person adds "I killed your baby" , then they die when attacked by the ghost. Everyone who tried was found with their throat slit in front of their mirror. Well, that's what they say.

10. The old lady and her dog


An old lady who lived alone had decided to adopt a dog to keep her company. Every night at bedtime, after turning off the lights, she stretched out her arm to her dog lying under the bed to lick her hand and reassure her. Only one night, the old lady wakes up hearing the sound of drops of water in the bathroom. She gets up in the dark to turn off the tap properly and goes back to bed, not forgetting to extend her hand to the dog who is licking it, as usual. But the sound of drops persisting, the old lady must get up again to turn off the tap more firmly. Then she lies down and stretches her hand under the bed to receive the usual lick. On the third awakening because of the sound of drops, the old lady goes to the bathroom and turns on the light. The sound of drops came from his dog, his throat cut above the bathtub, which was emptying his blood. So who was lying under the bed? We do not have the answer and we do not want to have it, especially since it seems this story happened to the neighbor of our friend's cousin from college.

11. Kuchisake-Onna


This story is one of the most urban legends in Japan. A very beautiful and conceited young woman was married to an older samurai, and she was unfaithful to him. The day her husband found out, he slit her mouth open to her ears so that no one would ever find her beautiful again. Today, you can cross her when walking alone in a dark street. She walks up, the lower part of her face covered, and asks "do you find me beautiful?" " If the person in front answers yes, she discovers her slit mouth and asks the same question: " and now, do you find me beautiful? "If the answer is no, Kuchisake-Onna kills his victim on the spot. If the answer is yes, she follows her victim home to stab her in the back on her doorstep, or offers a blood red ruby to the lucky ones. In general, it is better to avoid crossing it.

12. The Russian sleep experiment


In 1940, Russian scientists locked five political prisoners in a wiretapped room to perform an experiment: the five men will be kept awake by gas and will no longer be able to sleep. During the first five days, the prisoners tell each other about their lives in great detail, but nothing special happens. Only, from the sixth day, it is total silence, apart from a few murmurs from time to time, which indicated that the subjects were still alive. After ten days, the scientists wanted to see what was going on and opened the door. There, they came across a horrific sight: the prisoners had self-mutilated and fed on their own flesh. Soldiers were called in to transport the men to the hospital, but the prisoners went into a mad rage and even killed several soldiers with superhuman force. Two of them were shot and the others taken to hospital begging for the gas that kept them awake. There, a Russian doctor, not knowing what he was dealing with, asked one of the prisoners who he was. And the man, with a gaunt smile, replied:“We are you. We are the madness that dwells in you and that you silence when you join the slumber where we cannot follow you. "

13. The neighbor


A man had just moved into a residence. On the first evening, he heard a knock on his door. It was a neighbor who asked him if he could put her up for a night because her husband had hit her and she was afraid. As he could not refuse, he offered to sleep on the sofa. The next morning, when she woke up, the neighbor had already left. The second evening, she knocked again on his door. She asked him the same thing as the day before, and since she had new bruises on her face, the man agreed. The next morning she was already gone when he woke up. And this scenario was repeated three more times. The man then wanted to go to the police station to denounce his neighbor's husband. There, a policeman, who didn't look surprised, showed him a photo of the young woman whom the man recognized as being his neighbor. The policeman then told her that she had been killed a year earlier by beatings by her husband.

14. Lavanville's music


In the first cartridges of the Pokémon game in Japan, the music of Lavanville, where pokemon ghosts reside, would have driven hundreds of children to suicide. Others would have behaved strangely or complained of headaches. It is also said that in the very first version, we could face a mysterious ghost named "731" in a fight where subliminal images of corpses were broadcast. Fortunately, we don't have that in our European versions, so we can continue to play quietly.

15. The Grifter


Likewise, this video is very well known on the internet for one simple reason: those who watched it complained of having nightmares and going crazy, and others even committed suicide. None wanted to tell what was in the video because its content had traumatized them. Versions have been posted on Youtube, but they are different from the real version which makes you crazy, hard to find on the web. If you still want to give it a try, search for “the grifter” online, but we'll have warned you.

16. The babysitter and the man at the top of the stairs


A young American student arrived at a family's home one evening to do some babysitting. The parents, before leaving, told him that the two children were already sleeping up there and that there was no need to wake them up. Shortly after they left, the phone rang. The student picked up the phone and heard a deep voice say, "Did you go to see if the kids are okay?" "Thinking it was a joke, the girl hung up, without going to check. An hour later the phone rang again and the girl heard the same. She asked who was on the phone, but the person hung up. Worried, she called the police, who told her it must have been a joke. But an hour later, the man called again to ask if she had been to see if the children were okay. She called the police again, who this time took her seriously and asked her to stay on the phone longer next time to locate the call. When the man called back, the young girl did not answer, to make the communication last. He then ends up hanging up. The phone rang again. It was the police who ordered him to leave immediately: the call came from inside the house. Once outside, the police arrived to stop the intruder. He was covered in blood. That of the children.

17. The doll


It is the story of a mother who takes her daughter to the flea market. While walking in the aisles, the girl notices a pretty porcelain doll, in good condition, and claims it from her mother. The mother asks the seller for the price and buys the little doll for her daughter. Back home, the girl begins to play with her new doll, a pretty doll in a pink dress, with blue eyes and blond hair. In one hand she holds a pretty parasol, and the other has two raised fingers. The mother, who has other errands to do, leaves her daughter alone at home for about an hour, while she goes to the local supermarket. The little one then remains alone in her room, playing with her doll. Suddenly, she hears the phone ringing and goes down to the dining room to answer. "Don't play with your doll after midnight!" »A voice orders him before hanging up. Frightened, the little girl returns to her room and puts her doll away at the bottom of her toy box. Her mother comes home a little later, and the little girl does not tell her about the phone call or about her doll. A week goes by without any problem, until the following Saturday. Indeed, the mother is invited to a party, and, as she has not found a babysitter, she decides to leave her little one alone at home. So she leaves by car, and spends the night at this famous evening. When she comes home at one in the morning, she decides to go and see her daughter's room to see if she is asleep. A week goes by without any problem, until the following Saturday. Indeed, the mother is invited to a party, and, as she has not found a babysitter, she decides to leave her little one alone at home. So she leaves by car, and spends the night at this famous evening. When she comes home at one in the morning, she decides to go and see her daughter's room to see if she is asleep. A week goes by without any problem, until the following Saturday. Indeed, the mother is invited to a party, and, as she has not found a babysitter, she decides to leave her little one alone at home. So she leaves by car, and spends the night at this famous evening. When she comes home at one in the morning, she decides to go and see her daughter's room to see if she is asleep. She opens the door and screams. Her daughter is lying on the ground, with her throat cut. The toy box is open, and next to it is the porcelain doll. Despite an investigation, the police did not find any traces of the break-in or the murderer. The mother, mad with pain, decided to sell her little girl's doll, which now had three fingers raised.

18. Corpses in mattresses


Come on, we end with a more fun one, because it's partly true. A man, after spending a night in his hotel room, goes to reception to complain: the room smells bad. The employees then assure him that they will do everything to rid the room of this smell. There, they start cleaning every corner, but the stench persists. It was only when one of them turned the heavy mattress over that they understood: a corpse was hidden in it. The man had slept all night with a dead man below him. In fact it has happened before, and on several occasions.

19. The cursed ring


The horror story of a woman who tries to prick a ring belonging to the corpse of an old woman. Problem: impossible to take it without cutting off your finger ... This story was a bit like our introduction to the concept of staging. Indeed, the secret to causing a good scare is to take advantage of the darkness to stroke someone's index finger when chanting "Give me back my ring! Give me back my ring!"

20. The Bloodstained Dress


The story of a woman who is injured while cooking and who gets blood all over her clothes. Already, it's not cool. But the worst part is that a voice at the end of the phone tells her that she has until midnight to remove the stain, otherwise ... Buy Mir express. There's no denying it, they know a thing or two about com 'at Unilever.

21. The Ghosts Of The Ancient Ram Inn


Remember how the hotel owners in The Shining built their holiday paradise over an ancient Indian burial ground, then acted surprised when it turned out haunted? Well, the owners of the Ancient Ram Inn in Gloucestershire went one step further. This hotel was built on a site allegedly once used for child sacrifice.As a result, the hotel is said to be one of the most haunted in England. Strange glowing lights appear in the corridors. A ghostly presence creeps up and down the staircase. People even say they’ve encountered a succubus while staying the night. But none of this has anything on the Bishop’s Room.A low-ceiling bedroom at the back of the inn, the room is said to infect anyone who steps inside with a sense of oppressive dread. Priests have been known to refuse to enter the room. Eight people who slept there have needed exorcisms, according to the current owner.

22. The dog


"It's not just dogs that can lick". The announcement of this simple fall is enough to awaken the memories of the history of our most chilling childhood, casually. Here, no ghost or supernatural, but just a psychopath dressed in dog skin. The little narration bonus: don't hesitate to say that it happened in the Yonne, you will gain credibility there.

23. The killer doll


In the 90s, we were treated to Chucky and ... Chucky 2, 3, 4. The dolls are a bit like the steak and chips of the freak. It is certainly not the top of the refinement, but it remains a sure value. A little girl receives for Christmas a doll which makes the sign of victory with her right hand, a toy with which she is not allowed to play after midnight. If you've read the title, it's easy to guess what's going to happen next. At the end of the story, the doll is back at the store, but this time with three fingers raised.

24. The ghost with the twisted cock


The standard bearer of the pee-poo period! Paragon of total humor, there are almost all the humorous springs of 4-7 year olds. A French, a Belgian and an American, the word "quéquette" and a more than slight fall. And yet, no need to lie, it made you smile just thinking about it.

25. When a kid takes a picture of the ghost of a WWI soldier


Mitch Glover, a 14 year old teenager, was taken by his school in France and on this occasion visited the cemeteries of Scottish soldiers who died during the First World War. He was probably messing around with his cool buddies while taking photos with his iPhone just to show his parents how he cultivated himself. And then in one of those photos, there was something weird, very, very weird even, very much like a ghost of a Scottish soldier in a kilt. Suffice to say that he freaked out.

26. Ah and if not how would you like to see Jim Morrison again?


Brett Meisner is a fairly famous rock historian. In 1997, he went to Père Lachaise to say hello to Jim Morrison, ex-singer of the Doors very, very dead and for a while. He has his picture taken in front of the grave, like everyone else. And then he has the clichés developed. And then there he has a surprise. Because in his picture, we simply see Jim Morrison swaying his hips. To date, we have not been able to prove the photomontage.

27. Another ghost story


Less known, this time around, and older. In 1946, a very good Australian woman goes to visit her daughter's grave (yes, she's dead, it's not that the mother is ultra far-sighted). Then she takes a souvenir photo, probably because it must have been heartwarming in Australia in the 1940s to watch the photo of her daughter's grave. The mother, Mrs. Andrews, was alone in front of the grave. However, in the photo, we can see a little girl very very clearly. Very very very clearly.

28. When a guy kills at Père Lachaise


On May 7, 2014, at Père Lachaise, Eric takes a walk. Eric did not have an easy life, beaten and raped by his father and the DDASS did not help him recover . But then, on May 7, 2014, he decided without ANY reason to beat to death a history buff who served as a volunteer guide for tourists. Finally, for no reason: the guide in question regularly went to a gay meeting place in the cemetery, as did Eric who did not accept his homosexuality but had a repulsive attraction for his repressed sexual orientation.

29. Kill in short circuit


In November 2011, passers-by found the body of a 23-year-old young woman slumped on a grave in the Val d'Oise. This grave is that of a friend of his, murdered with baseball bats two years earlier. The young woman also suffered enormous violence and her murder obviously took place in the cemetery.

30. When cemetery wardens discover a murder


A Reddit user says he worked in the 1970s alongside a friend of his in a cemetery to pay for his education. Among other voodoo statues, disturbing burnt dolls, stuffed animals and other strange things found near graves, he once discovered the naked corpse of a woman strangled near a grave and installed, arms folded, as if she was already standing there. in a coffin. The woman had been sexually abused and disfigured with fists. Her clothes were never found, nor her murderer. Suffice to say that the student quickly quit the job.

31. When you find the corpse of a seated woman


In the early hours of the morning, on his way to the cemetery where he worked, another Reddit user claims to have seen a car improperly parked in front of the main entrance. After going through the door, he saw the silhouette of a woman sitting against a tree: quickly, he realizes that this woman is wearing a scarf that has strangled him and that she is surrounded by blood; above all, his corpse is really perfectly seated, as if it had been placed in this position. After investigation, the police found a suicide note in the car: the woman had just lost her daughter. The position of his body cannot be explained.

32. The woman who dies at her friend's funeral


One day a woman dies. We organize ourselves. Among the organizers of the ceremony are two friends of the deceased, two very close sisters who have lived their whole lives together as in a good old Lucky Luke. Once the ceremony is over, the funeral director is surprised that the two sisters remain seated against each other even when everyone has returned to their car. He inquires about the situation: one of the sisters tells him that the other died during the ceremony and that she did not say anything so as not to ruin her friend's funeral.

33. Eternal flowers


One of the cemetery keeper's jobs is to reopen the vaults to allow the new dead to join their elders. In general, before the entrance is sealed, the vaults are garnished by relatives with flowers or personal items. However, recently, a Reddit user recounts having opened the crypt housing a couple who died in the 90s to make room for their children: however, flowers that had been placed there on this occasion were perfectly fresh. Not at all faded, not at all withered. And after examination, it turned out that they were indeed real flowers.

34. The Perron family claimed that the reality was much more frightening than the movie


The real business of the Perron family began in 1971, when Roger and Carolyn decided to move into a former farmhouse they had just purchased in the state of Rhode Island. They arrive in their new home with their five daughters: Andrea, Nancy, Christine, Cindy and Avril. More than 40 years later, the movie Conjuring hits theaters, and Andrea Perron told reporters that no family member was scared watching the movie because the reality was so much scary horror story. Carolyn Perron, the mother, also said that the hide-and-seek scene was well done in the movie but far more terrifying in real life. She also refused to come on the film set (while her husband and her daughters went there), fearing that the spirits would attack her again.

35. The neighbors tried to warn the family of the danger


While no strange event had yet occurred, Carolyn Perron received strange advice from her neighbors. In particular, he was advised to leave the lights on at night and even to flee this place with his family. Soon after, objects began to move for no good reason.

36. At first the spirits seemed harmless


According to their testimony, the children of the Perron family quickly felt a presence in the house but the girls were not frightened because this presence did not seem threatening. Apparently these ghosts spoke to them and kissed them on the forehead before they fell asleep. Frankly, I would have been terrified for much less than that.

37. Other spirits, less sympathetic, arrived later


As time went by, new spirits came to replace the gentle ghosts. According to the Perron children, that's when they started to get really scared. The spirits told them of the bodies of soldiers who would be walled up in the house. Some nights, always at the same time, a smell of burning flesh was felt in the house, waking the whole family. What seems to have traumatized the five little girls the most is the mind of a malicious man. They never wanted to give more details about what this presence did to them.

38. One of the children ended up locked in a trunk


One day, while the five girls are playing hide and seek, one of them decides to hide in a trunk that had no lock or particular closure (a simple trunk with the lid lifted). As no one finds her, the little girl decides to go out, but she realizes that it is impossible: the cover no longer lifts and the child is stuck inside the trunk. It was not until 20 minutes later that, alerted by the screams, one of the sisters arrived to rescue the little girl by simply lifting the lid. No one has ever solved this mystery.

39. The family stayed in the house for 9 years without being able to leave


In the movie Conjuring, the Warrens explain to the Perron family that it is useless to leave the house because the spirits have chosen to persecute them. In reality, the reason that forced the family to stay so long was simply financial. In the 1970s in the United States, between the government of Nixon and that of Carter, the economic crisis affected many families. In addition, the value of the Perron house is devalued every day because of the strange events that take place there. Result: nobody wants to buy this house and the Perrons do not have the means to live elsewhere with their five children. It was not until 1980 that they finally left this cursed place to go and live in Georgia.

40. Carolyn Perron actually saw a woman yelling at her in the middle of the night


One day, as she was going to bed, Carolyn saw a woman in a gray dress appear near her bed. The woman reportedly shouted at him "Go away or I will scare you away with death and darkness" (rough translation). After much research on the former inhabitants of the house, the Warrens and Perrons concluded that it was probably the ghost of a certain Bathsheba Thayer but it is obviously impossible to prove it.

41. Bathsheba Thayer was not a witch at all


In the movie Conjuring, the woman who appears in the house and ends up owning Carolyn Perron is portrayed as a witch who allegedly sacrificed her child to the devil before committing suicide. Actually, Bathsheba Thayer did exist but she never practiced witchcraft or anything close to it. She was a normal woman who lived in the 19th century with her husband. Three of her four children died very young but there is no mention of murder or suicide in the archives. Bathsheba Thayer died in 1885 of a heart attack.

42. Friends of the family contacted the Warrens


The Perrons never contacted Ed and Lorraine Warren, it was the Warrens who came to them. Friends of the Perron family actually attended a conference hosted by the Warrens in Connecticut and got to chat with the couple. They then talked about the strange events that had occurred in their friends' house and the Warrens replied: "We absolutely have to go and see."

43. The Warrens may have made it worse


Strangely, the Perron family's version of the facts and that of the Warren couple do not always coincide. Parts of the story are sometimes incomplete or slightly different. The movie Conjuring was primarily written based on the Warrens' version of events, the one where the couple manages to get rid of spirits. Unfortunately, that may not be the truth. According to the Perrons, the Warrens never really got rid of spirits, and the spirits remained in haunting them for years after they left home.

44. The real corpse in the fake haunted house


We all had this thought at 10 years old: “Can you imagine if the model, there, and well in fact, and well it would in fact be a real death? And bah in 1976, an American TV crew filming an episode in a haunted house in an amusement park in California had the answer. During the filming, a hanged man's mannequin lost an arm in which human bones were found. In reality, the body was that of a criminal, Elem McCurdy, murdered in 1911 after a train attack by a bounty hunter. The local undertaker had then embalmed it and kept it as a demonstration product because it was so well done. Until one day McCurdy's pseudo-brother came to claim the body. The pseudo-brother was actually a showman who had made the body a major part of his haunted house show.

45. The guy buried alive


"Can you imagine, in fact, you're not dead, but the doctor and well the doctor are wrong, and you find yourself buried alive?" Oh the seum! " It has happened many times. A guy called William Tebb recorded more than 200 such cases in recent history at the end of the 19th century. Recent history at the time, that is to say at the end of the 19th century. Afterwards, we sometimes found traces of scratches inside the coffins, which is never a good sign on the last moments offered to the world to the dead. A fashion developed in the early twentieth century: secure coffins, including some kind of horn or a powerful bell to signal that one was not dead (just in case).

46. The girl is stabbed in a discretionary library and nobody sees anything


You see it, eh, the American library with its green lamps, its endless passageways, its secluded places, its silence: a perfect place to fuck or to die stabbed by a maniac unleashed on campus. And bah in 1969, the student Betsy Aardsma was stabbed while she was consulting a book in one of the bays. Nobody saw anything, nobody heard anything. The killer was never discovered.

47. The killer who lived in hiding for several days in the house before killing the whole family


The house could well be haunted. We hear footsteps, we see things that disappear, we end up murdered by a maniac. In 1922, farmer Andreas Gruber and his family experienced exactly that. There were steps in the attic. Weird, did you say weird? Okay. The Grubers did not pick up. Then, on March 31, they were all killed with an ax: mother, father, children, grandchildren. But not the animals. We never found the murderer.

48. The manic surgeon


Under the guise of his long studies of medicine, the surgeon is in fact a maniac who operates on his victims with the sole and sole objective of collecting their organs. Yes it's possible. For example, that pretty much describes the surgeon Glen Tucker, who in the 1970s amused himself amputating arms for fun or doing square breast implants. One day a patient woke up in the middle of her nose job, which was broken, to see dear Doctor Tucker doing sadistic things with his nose in a deserted operating room. She complained and Tucker started following her down the street. Then Tucker had the good taste to die in a boating accident in 1982, or rather to pretend, since he was found in Florida a few years later. Rather than being tried, he committed suicide in 2011. After killing his wife and her cat.

49. Your ex cooks you a dog


"It would be horrible for a sadistic cook to make me eat Cookie Stew" (Cookie is the Gloden Retriever who shares your life). Yes. And bah Ryan Watenpaugh, after having freaked out his ex-girlfriend by forcing the door to his apartment, did something like that. When the girl in question escaped, he was left alone with the dog and later pretended that he had escaped. Then Cookie's mistress was stupid enough to accept an invitation to dinner and Wantenpaugh made her a nice little meal. Then he sent sadistic texts to the girl explaining that she had just eaten her dog. And also a plastic bag with the remains to prove that it was true.

50. Telephone. Midnight. "I see you"


We take the beginning of Scream . We transpose it into real life. A little English teenager from Chester in 2014 began to receive texts that she was being watched very closely by someone "in her house". The girl was not too careful, telling herself that she was dealing with a dingo, then lay down (anyway) in her mother's bed. Then she returned to her room in the middle of the night and, seeing that some stuff had been moved, looked under the bed. Where she found her stalker, an 18 year old kid. Fortunately, nothing happened to this poor little teenager.

51. The Legend of Charlie No-Face


It's a local story, but worth the detour. Charlie No Face was a character in popular culture around Pittsburgh, a sort of White Lady aimed at terrifying children. Except that in reality, Charlie existed. His real name was Raymond Robinson and he was disfigured by a maxi-shock in 1919 while playing near an electric conveyor. Then, Raymond Robinson lived a small life of patachon all alone by remaining cloistered in his home for fear of being judged. He would not allow himself to go out until nightfall. You kinda see how the guy became an urban legend.

52. Waking up with one missing kidney


1: take a load; 2: agree to get into a stranger's car; 3: wake up far from home, naked, with one kidney less and an extra scar. And bah know that it is a little possible: between 2000 and 2008, 500 Indians were the victims of illegal kidney trafficking. They were spotted in the street, not because they were drunk, but because they were looking for work and offered to them for bogus. Then chloroform, boom and more kidney.

53. The collector of human bodies


The super weird neighbor collects corpses, it is well known. Why else would he have so many papier mache dolls? Well done, Edvige. For example, the Moscow historian Anatoly Moskvin, who freaked out all the children in the neighborhood, was indeed responsible for the dead bodies in the Nizhny Novgorod cemetery. So Moskvin would collect the corpses, put on them girls' dresses and wigs, and arrange them in the apartment. There were 29 of them. With masks. And all. And all.

54. The murder of the Lawson family


We are in 1929, a time when, contrary to popular belief, people did not live in black and white. On Christmas Eve, Charlie Lawson, 43, a farmer from North Carolina, takes his family to town to take a picture and shop for clothes. The kind of activity that is quite unusual for a large family of farmers without a circle. There was his wife and their seven children there. The next day, December 25, Charlie waits for his two daughters to come out of the house to shoot them before hitting them badly. He then returns home and shoots another of his daughters who was on the steps. Then he walks into the house and kills everyone: his wife, his two boys and his little baby. He then heads for the woods and shoots himself in the head. The only survivor of the killing is the 16-year-old eldest, One of the theories that can explain the massacre is that the father allegedly got his daughter pregnant and found no other way out. Atmosphere atmosphere and Merry Christmas.

55. The Covina massacre


In 2008, the divorce between Bruce and Sylvia Pardo was confirmed. But as often during separations by mutual agreement, someone agrees more than the other: in this case, Bruce is not very satisfied with the situation. So he decides to hurt his ex-wife and his whole family. He takes the car and arrives at Sylvia's parents in Covina, California on Christmas Day. He rings the bell, disguised as Santa Claus, and Sylvia's niece lets him in. Especially since he has gifts in his hands! Except that the packaging actually contains a flamethrower and guns. Pardo begins by shooting everyone until the whole family is forced to hide. It was then that he poured gasoline all over the ground before using the flamethrower. He kills nine people including his ex-wife.

56. The corpse at the foot of the tree


In 2011, Michelle O'Dowd showed a beautiful Christmas spirit by offering her nephew's ex-girlfriend, Patty White, to come and live with her in exchange for a little cleaning. Except that a few days before Christmas, Michelle O'Dowd does not come to work without warning. Her twin brother is worried and goes to her house. His car is there, the house seems inhabited, but no trace of his sister. Ah yes in fact: his foot protrudes from the gifts piled up at the foot of the Christmas tree. Her protégé, Patty, hit and strangled her before leaving the body in place and fleeing the state. She was eventually arrested.

57. Christmas must go on


Justin Lee Klopp and his wife had the good idea of arguing on Christmas Day. Apparently, Klopp wasn't a guy it felt good to disagree with, compared to the fact that, to settle the brawl, he grabbed an ax and just smashed his wife, Stephanie. Before slitting his throat to be sure he had succeeded. Then he put the body in a plastic bag that he threw in the trash, before waking up his two children to go and celebrate Christmas with his parents. It was during the meal, which we imagine SUPER FRIENDLY, that Klopp decided to call the cops to confess his crime. Klopp hanged himself in prison.

58. The Ashland Tragedy


On December 23, 1881, three teenagers aged 14 to 17 were sleeping lazily, impatiently awaiting the next day's party. At that time, three people entered the Gibbon house to murder them using an ax and an iron bar. After the children died, the three people in question decided that the best thing was to burn the house to ashes. Neighbors were alarmed to see a fire and called the fire department. We found the kids, their heads shattered, among the debris. Ah, and among the teenagers there were two girls who were also raped. The three attackers were found, tried, and hanged.

59. The nice Christmas present


Alexis Valdez was living with his aunt in 2011 when he argued with her aunt's guy, Silvestre (who was called himself after Grosminet, let us note), who reproached him for not contributing to the rent. Alexis did not take reproaches. Suddenly, he took a hammer and smashed Silvestre's head, before turning on the music to be able to cuddle and in disorder: the enucleate, cut off his head and a few other things like the nose or the ears. Then he wrapped the head and left it on his aunt's pillow as a Christmas present. The police found him covered in blood. Valdez explained that, if his aunt had been present, she would have suffered the same fate.

60. The massacre of the Yazdanpanah family


Also in 2011, in Texas this time, we celebrated Christmas at the Yazdanpanah. It was time for the great unpacking of gifts. Suddenly, there is a knock on the door: it's the father, Aziz, disguised as Santa Claus. Of course, that annoys everyone; besides, her niece, Sahra, sends a text to her boyfriend: "There you go, he's trying to play the ideal father when he's never there." Error buzzer, Sahra, wrong answer. Aziz pulls out a gun and kills everyone: his ex-wife, Fatemeh, as well as his son and daughter, Fatehemeh's sister, her husband and therefore Sahra, their 22-year-old daughter. Then he kills himself. 7 dead, found among the gifts a few hours later.

61. The disappearance of JonBenet Ramsey


6-year-old Little Miss Sunshine, JonBenet Ramsay disappears at the end of December 1996 in Colorado. The mother of the little one indicates that a demand for ransom has been sent to the family. Except that, during the beatings, the father of the little one ends up discovering his corpse in the basement of the house. JonBenet was strangled and hit on the head. It is December 25th. The family was suspected for a time, then cleared of all suspicion. It is not known who committed the crime. Merry Christmas to everyone.

62. The Good Samaritan and the Good Samaritan


Young actress Tricia McCauley was supposed to spend Christmas 2016 with her pals. On the road, she meets a hitchhiker and stops. After all, it is the spirit of Christmas to help each other. Imagine Tricia as some kind of perfect, talented, vegan girl and all, eh, that's important for the future. Because Tricia never makes it to Christmas dinner. On the other hand, she uses her credit card a lot of times to make large withdrawals. On December 27, we find his body rolled up in a ball in his car. Tricia was raped, beaten and strangled. The hitchhiker, Duane Johnson, is found shortly after. And there, he explains that in reality he just helped Tricia kill herself because she really wanted to. And that he didn't rape her since she agreed. In short, a simple Christmas present, a service rendered in turn to a good Samaritan woman.

63. The date gone wrong


December 2015. Katie Locke, a 23-year-old teacher, has a date with Carld Langdell, a lawyer she knew on a dating site. The evening is going well. So much so that they decide to go together to a very nice hotel in London, the Theobalds Park Hotel. Except that Langdell strangles Katie in the bedroom, before raping her post mortem. Then he wraps his corpse in a quilt which he throws in the thickets. Katie's corpse is found on Christmas Day. Ah, Langdell had had a short stay in a mental hospital, during which he explained to a nurse that he fantasized about slitting a girl's throat. He was sentenced to life imprisonment.

64. The haunted stone


This Inca legend tells the story of Túpac Yupanqui, son of the sun, who liked to party after winning a battle. One day when he was putting down a rebellion, he had a pretty little captive handed over to her to rape her in a cool way. Except that the prisoner already had a lover and did not have a mad desire to be raped. At night, she runs away with the guy she's in love with and the two get caught up. Tupac set them on fire. Since then, a stone has been found there, the shape of which is exactly similar to the girl's body. You should not go there at night, for fear of being tormented by the spirit of the haunted stone.

65. The mourner


The legend dates back to the 16th century. In Tenochtilan, Mexico, locals roamed their homes at night, so as not to be tormented by the spirit of a woman wandering the streets in tears. The mourning woman wandered around the city, before stopping in the central square to pray. Every night, the woman disappeared around Lake Texcoco. Those who dared to approach him disappeared in troubled circumstances. The legend has variations throughout the entire South American territory.

66. El chupacabra


Literally the goat sucker. A strange being from Puerto Rico who eats animals, or rather the blood of animals, vampire style. Apparently, there is evidence of a kind of biped that would attack at night and never leave a trail. The animal was supposedly seen all over South America: legend has it that it was of extraterrestrial origin or that it was the result of failed scientific experimentation.

67. La Tunda


This legend of the Colombian Pacific coast evokes a mysterious, semi-monstrous woman who would lure the locals into the jungle to keep them prisoners and kill them. She disguises herself as a loved one of her victim before making him swallow poisonous langoustines which force him to remain eternally in a state of trance. It mainly attacks children.

68. El Imbunche


A small Chilean child entrusted to wizards and become monstrous. His face is fixed to the back of his head, his fingers and ears are hooked. El Imbuche imitates animal sounds and practices black magic. It feeds on fresh meat.

69. The penitent


A little old woman who takes taxis in Mexico to get to church. She asks the taxi to wait for her, goes to the church, comes back and asks to go to another church. From church to church, the taxi driver finally brings the old woman home: as payment, she gives the driver a ring, asking him to come back the next day to get his money. The next day, when the driver returns, he is told that the old woman in question has been dead for several years.

70. La Cegua


A supernatural being who pursues and punishes unfaithful and / or picolos men. It would be the spirit of a young Costa Rican condemned to wander on deserted roads and seduce men: she gets caught hitchhiking, lets herself be flirted a little, then trades her pretty face for a dead horse's head with rotting skin hanging down all over the place. There, generally, the men shout.

71. The whistler


You have to be careful in the Venezuelan jungle at night. We might well come across the whistler, a 6-meter tall giant that moves as discreetly as an ant and chooses its victims from among the stray walkers. To find out he's around, it's simple: he whistles non-stop and his huge bag contains the clashing bones of his victims. He sucks the blood of drunkards and flirtatious people who return home after a good night's sleep.

72. El Pombero


This Paraguayan legend relates to a little elf, Pomberito, who is rather nice with the peasants to whom he agrees to render services by, in return, receiving offerings every night for 30 days. But if a peasant forgets to make the offering, he runs the risk of not very cool reprimands, such as death, for example.

73. The ramp house


In Mexico, an abandoned and half-built house borders the feet of a mountain. The house has ramps and is said to have been built for a little girl in a wheelchair. This little girl would have died falling from the second floor, paving the way for a long series of accidents and deaths of all kinds: two workers died during the construction of the house. At night, you would hear screams in the house and see silhouettes.

74. The family scammed for over twenty years


An American knew that her parents had been victims of identity theft twenty years before realizing she too. She figured out that the person who had done that at the time had probably recovered her identity at the same time, and either way she was right. After the death of her mother, she discovers with her father that in reality it was the late mother from the beginning. Indeed this one had made a credit card in the name of his daughter. Together they went back over twenty years of frauds and realized that she had also scammed the grandfather for $ 1,500. We obviously do not take everything to the grave.

75. The Lille student registered at the Banque de France


It all starts the day Maya, a 20-year-old student, has her wallet stolen in the metro. Some time later she realizes that three loans have been taken in her name and that a loss of 59,600 € means that she will become stuck in the Bank of France and banned from banking. The discovery of unpaid train fines as well as other debts in her name follows, which plunges her into a hell of administrative procedures to prove her innocence. And it's still very loaf to have to proclaim your innocence all the time because of a nice scam.

76. The woman who begins to suspect her husband of leading a double life


In 2008, a Franco-Turkish couple living in Orléans began to receive mortgage payments for purchases and loans they had not made. The wife even goes so far as to imagine a double life for her husband on the move. It is precisely the wife who will conduct an investigation which "would make the private detectives pale" as the representative of the public prosecutor pointed out during the hearing. She will trace all the information and find that her husband's identity has been sold on a network and bought by a Turkish national living quietly in the city of Caen. She now calls herself Sherlock Holmes. No that's wrong, but she could.

77. The man whose identity has been stolen for 17 years


In 2004, Loïc received a phone call from a bank branch in Toulouse (a city he did not live in) which informed him that his accounts had been transferred. Not being at the origin of the action, an investigation is opened and we find a total of five people who pretended to be him. For 17 years, he constantly dealt with bailiffs, administrations and banks. In total, 17 bank accounts, problems with CAF and social security, ten telephone lines, various consumer credits were reported. Today he has a psychiatric follow-up and is under medication. At the time, he was forced to stop studying law and political science.

78. The Australian woman who got involved in a murder


We arrive on the heavy. An Australian woman living in Israel who is 6 months pregnant learns over the radio that she is wanted for the murder of Hamas leader Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh. She realizes that three Australians (including her) had their identities usurped in this affair and that false passports (including one in her name) have been found. So she freaked out but in the end we quickly understand the scam and she is not worried.

79. The mother who had only guaranteed the rental of her son


When she sends the file for the rental of her son's apartment, this woman is far from suspecting the various scams that will follow. She first receives a file for the purchase of automobile insurance. She contacts the mentioned mechanic and realizes that someone has bought a used vehicle in her name. A few days later a credit organization tries to withdraw € 300 from his account. History repeats itself three times, three vehicles purchased, three different credit organizations. It's just the horror for the poor lady whose case is still pending.

80. The student who has been declared a child


Then 25 years old, a student of Congolese origin holding a master's degree learns that it is forbidden to issue checks following an incident on a new account. He goes to the agency and learns that a client has usurped his identity. He files three complaints without anything moving forward. A judge finally gives an order dismissing his complaints. He later learns that his usurper has been convicted of forgery and forgery in the Congo and returns to the police station where he is offered to "negotiate with his usurper" (nice). One day, he discovers that a little girl is declared dependent on him, even though he has no children. Finally confused with the con artist, he was even taken into custody before the court understood his mistake.

81. The employee of the fraud department who messed around a bit


An American IRS (Internal Revenue Service) has spent years helping people who are victims of fraud. In reality, she was stealing their identities in order to defraud herself. For over three years she used IRS computers to retrieve people's data (names / dates of birth / social security numbers) in order to defraud reimbursement services. In all, she raised nearly $ 400,000 before being arrested and sentenced to nine years in prison.

82. My parents' note that I forged not to go to class


I was in 4th and I'm not very proud of this anecdote. I had forged my father's signature so as not to go to sports class on a Friday afternoon. Everyone saw nothing but an old-fashioned old cop who didn't get it and checked every apology. He worked for years on the “4th D apology affair” in order to corner me and he finally got there over twelve years later. Today I write this top from my cell, consumed by remorse. DON'T FRAUD.

83. Lost, or prisoner


This feeling, in a dream, refers directly to the perception that we have of reality in relation to the path to take, in any field whatsoever. The feeling of being out of options or having too many options can create a stress that must be identified in order to get rid of these nightmares. Without a suitable response, this nightmare is often the first step before moving on to the next ones.

84. In free fall, or drowned


This sensation usually occurs in a context of overwork. The stress is then “internalized” and accumulated to take the form of this nightmare. It is precisely the reactions you will have during this fall that will translate your way of seeing the problems in reality.

85. A machine or a phone that does not work


Unless you have experienced these worries too often with technology, this type of nightmare can turn out to be symptomatic of a feeling of loss: the estrangement of a loved one, physical or emotional, or the feeling of having without the wanting to erect a barrier with his entourage. If this nightmare is recurring, ask yourself about the relationship you have with your "friends" and if you haven't let it all rot a bit.

86. Naked in a public place


Getting naked by accident is a fairly clear representation of secrets that we do not want to reveal. The difficulty of "getting naked" literally shows itself in nightmares, and the awkward feeling you experience in your dreams must be a little like the one you fear if more is learned about you. You may need to assume a little more who you are and to relativize the judgment of others, you will live the better.

87. Natural or man-made disaster


This type of nightmare is often fraught with meaning: a disaster dream would refer to an imminent "disaster" in reality. It is therefore important to identify what, in our dream, makes us helpless and to try to determine which event of our reality plunges us into this state and constitutes a source of stress sometimes unconscious.

88. A failed exam


The first relationship we have with a possible failure haunts us long after the end of our schooling. This fear of being evaluated illustrates the feeling of deserving or not what one has. If we did an objective review of what you have achieved in your life, would you be satisfied? If you dreamed of a copy of immaculate whiteness, it might not be.

89. The loss or destruction of his house


A house illustrates the dichotomy between the desire to preserve what we have inside and the image and solidity that we show on the outside. Your home is you. If your nightmare shows destruction or theft inside this house, in the privacy of your walls, this should be understood as a feeling of betrayal, or a fear of being manipulated.

90. Car breakdown


As with the house, the vehicle you are in symbolizes your own body. The car shows an impeccable exterior appearance when the mechanics stop, you have to understand this image as the difference in perception that we have on the outside and inside. Heading straight for a crash betrays a feeling of weakness or lack of control over one's own life.

91. Injury, illness or death


Beyond this belief which wants that "if one dies in a dream, one dies in reality", it is necessary to relativize the gravity of this kind of vision: certainly, this morbid appearance in dreams can be compared to the report that we have death, when it concerns a loved one for example. But sometimes it is lighter, and this death can illustrate a change in his own life, which implies a new era. New job, stop smoking, buy a hybrid car, you kill the old "you" to be reborn in a Prius.

92. Prosecuted or attacked


If it is universally shared, it is because this dream appeals to an instinct to flee from what, it seems, is stronger than us. According to Freud, this dream manifests the anxiety of the individual, whatever the seriousness of this concern. We think we can deal with these little worries, your nightmares show you not, and that you have to face them. Little more: if the pursuer has a knife or a long object, it is certainly a sexual representation, which you flee or to which you want to give in with guilt.

93. The Banshee


When we see a messenger from the other world disembark, we don't expect her to tell us a Belgian joke, in general, it is to announce an imminent death. It's a bit like the White Lady of the corner. Afterwards, depending on the region, she acts as a mourner, a crier or she washes the dead. Anyway, she doesn't have a very funky job.

94. The Merrow


Merrow is the Gaelic equivalent of a mermaid. There are female Merrows but also males. The former are beautiful, like the classic mermaids. The second on the other hand are simply disgusting (pointed teeth, green hair, and very ugly, in short the lookalikes of the singer of the Pogues ). Besides their beauty, the female Merrows are no less beautiful whores who hate humans and do not hesitate to do dirty things to them. Usually seeing one was not considered a good sign. In fact most of the time that meant that we were either going to clamor pretty quickly, or suffer a good little family curse.

95. The Puck


As if "The Puck" weren't ugly enough, this creature is also adorned with nicknames as ridiculous as the nickname itself: "Jack with the lantern", "Will with the twist", or "Robin Good friend ". The Puck is a leprechaun who has the power to transform into an animal and who likes to play pranks. One of his favorite valves, for example, is pushing old ladies, and it's true that it's really fun, you should give it a try. Most of the time he uses his ability to transform into a black horse with fiery yellow eyes, an appearance he uses to freak out the villagers. We're not sure that's how he'll be able to make friends, but that doesn't seem to bother him too much.

96. Fir Darrig


It looks like a Leprechaun, with one little more characteristic: it becomes encrusted. He arrives at your house, takes the best seat by the fire and starts to dry his filthy clothes in your living room. If you don't comply, he'll piss you off. A kind of Michel Blanc in "Come home, I live with a friend" , but super nasty.

97. The Dullahan


These headless horsemen are a curious bunch. Capable of beheading themselves to mess around and to play bowls with their skulls, the Dullahan fear gold more than anything. So keep a coin on you (next to the garlic for vampires) to keep them away. Because know it, you shouldn't piss them off too much: they have a human spine as a whip and when they stop their horse, they cry out a name, and the person passes the weapon to the left immediately.

98. The Grogoch


Yes, "The", because this human-looking creature wouldn't have a female. So they live between guys in tiny and precarious huts, a cave or a hole doing the trick, they are a little dirty, but apparently very nice. A bit like our computer science students. The Grogoch will not hesitate, from time to time, to give a little help, in return for a pot of cream as remuneration. Last tip: he is very afraid of priests and he can, if necessary, make himself invisible. It is a superpower like any other.

99. inn Mac Cumaill


Finn is a warrior with universal knowledge. Already said like that, it imposes it. On the other hand, the way he got it is pretty lame. To be honest, he spent 7 years trying to catch a salmon with universal knowledge, and once he got there, he cooked it to peck it, so far so good. Except that during this cooking the juice of the salmon sprinkled his thumb. So every time he sucks his thumb he has access to universal knowledge (it's really practical in interrogation ...). And yes, this legend is one of the most nazi in the history of legends. According to this same legend Finn is not dead, he is just sleeping and will wake up to protect Ireland when needed. For now the English and Thierry Henry sleep soundly, but you never know.

100. Les Cluricaunes


An umpteenth derivative of Leprechaun but in a drunken version. If you behave well they will protect your wine cellar, but if you mess around they will empty your barrels and let your wine rot. Most of the time they are old and overall they are known to be fat lazy. Their favorite hobby: riding sheep ... In short, they look pretty cool.

Erdogan points the finger at Sweden: "Do what we said"

 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan "diagnosed" that Sweden is not keeping the agreed terms for joining NATO and pointed the finger at it.


Lest there be any doubt that Turkey is monitoring Sweden and Finland's process of "compliance" with the requirements for their entry into NATO, Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent his own message.


After the meeting of the Turkish cabinet on Monday, the Turkish president lashed out at Sweden, saying that at any moment Turkey can block the process.


"I would once again like to remind you that we will freeze the process if these countries do not take the necessary steps to fulfill our conditions. Sweden does not give a good image in this regard, especially with statements related to the opposition .. Our position is clear, the rest they know themselves," Erdogan said in a rather threatening tone.


Turkey, among others, has demanded the extradition of more than 70 Swedish citizens of Kurdish origin , including MP Amine Kakabave.


Speaking, finally, about the economic hardship in Turkey, Erdogan once again wanted to present a completely different, "idyllic" image.


"In the last 20 years the number of vehicles on our roads has tripled, we now have 26 million cars. People are finding it difficult to find cars to buy. We know very well the insidious intentions behind the slander and lies," he underlined.



Outstanding Facts in Turkey


2016: July 15
In Turkey, on Friday night, sectors of the armed forces carry out a coup and decree martial law. Almost seven hours later, in the early hours of Saturday, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan appears before the media to declare the coup quelled, warning that "those involved will pay a high price." Thus begins an unprecedented purge of the military, police, education and justice. In the next few days, tens of thousands of people will be detained and thousands of judges will be removed from office. (5 years ago)

2001: November 24
The Turkish National Assembly ratifies the amendments to Article 41 of the Constitution to provide for the equality of spouses in marriage. Several notable changes in the Civil Code reflect the new approach to gender equality, for example, the husband is no longer the head of the family and the spouses are partners at the same time, jointly managing the union with equal decision-making power. (19 years ago)

1999: August 17
In northwestern Turkey and shortly after 3 in the morning, an earthquake of more than 7.4 degrees on the Richter scale, hits the area where a third of the country's population lives and where, in addition, the half of your valuable industry. In Izmit, just over 100 km from the capital, the epicenter has taken place. 17,000 people die immediately when their houses collapse on them, as many will die in the following days from dehydration or exhaustion. The material damage will amount to more than 6,000 million dollars. (22 years ago)

1930: March 28
Built as Byzantium around 657 BC, renamed in the 4th century AD as Constantinople after Constantine the Great made it his capital, today, this Turkish city, is officially called Istanbul due, in great measure measure to common use, since during the Ottoman period the Turks called it Istanbul, alteration of the phrase in Greek language "eis-tan-pólei", which literally means "to go to the city". (91 years ago)

1923: October 29
After abolishing the sultanate of the Ottoman Empire on November 1 of the previous year and overthrowing Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin, the Turkish Republic was established with Mustafa Kemal Ataturk as its first president. (98 years ago)

1923: July 24
The Treaty of Lausanne (Switzerland) is signed, which establishes the borders of Turkey, a Republic born after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. (98 years ago)

1922: November 1
In Turkey, once the external threats are resolved, Kemal Ataturk leads a coup that abolishes the sultanate, ending the Ottoman empire. Already as president, Ataturk will create a modern secular state, with a broad program of reforms, which will include the abolition of the caliphate, the adoption of penal codes, Western clothing and calendar, the Latin alphabet, etc. (99 years ago)

1916: January 8
In the Gallipoli peninsula (Turkey), in the framework of the First World War, or Great War, after 11 months of bloody and ineffective advances in which 250,000 allied soldiers and as many Turks die, the British and French forces withdraw putting end to the catastrophic invasion of the Ottoman Empire. The Gallipoli peninsula, the key entrance to the Sea of Marmara, has been, during these 11 months, the scene of a terrible massacre when the Allies attacked the Turkish positions in February 1915. The Allied battleships showed their might over the artillery of Turkish land, but the naval mines decimated the Allied fleet and forced the commanders' decision to a land battle. (105 years ago)

1914: November 5
The Triple Entente of the Allied Powers (France, Russia and Great Britain) declares war on the Ottoman Empire. (107 years ago)

1885: June 7
In Constantinople (Turkey), a devastating and gigantic fire consumes more than 300 buildings in ash. (136 years ago)

1883: June 5
It leaves from the East Station in Paris (France), bound for Istanbul (Turkey), a luxury fast train, which will soon be known as the "Orient Express". The entire journey, of more than 3,000 kilometers, will take about 72 hours in glamorous carriages, with sophisticated and comfortable compartments, for millionaire passengers and members of the wealthy European aristocracy. (138 years ago)

1853: November 30
During the Crimean War, the Russians destroy the Turkish fleet located in the port of Sinope (present-day Turkey), on the Black Sea, provoking vigorous protests from Great Britain and France. By ignoring Russia, these two European powers will end up declaring war on it in March 1854. (167 years ago)

1829: September 14
The "Treaty of Andrinópolis" is signed, by means of which the great powers manage to stop the victorious march of the Russian troops on the city of Constantinople. The Ottoman Empire recognizes the political independence of the Greeks in return. (192 years ago)

1787: August 13
Turkey declares war on Russia, following Catherine II's rejection of the ultimatum given by Turkey to abandon its "protectorate" of Crimea. (234 years ago)

1770: July 6
The Russians destroy the Ottoman fleet in the naval battle of Cesme, off the Anatolian coast, accelerating Catherine II's policy of dismembering the Turkish empire. (251 years ago)

1687: November 8
The Janissaries, the elite of the Ottoman army, with an increasingly independent and influential power, overthrow Mehmet IV, and elect Suleiman III sultan of the Ottoman Empire. (334 years ago)

1509: September 14
A strong earthquake completely destroys one of the most populated neighborhoods in Constantinople (Turkey), killing more than 13,000 people and exacerbating the decline in which the ancient Byzantine capital is plunged. A special tax will be established to cover reconstruction work and more wooden houses will be built. (512 years ago)

1453: May 29
After two months of siege and unequal fighting, Constantinople (the largest city in Turkey today) falls. At dawn, 200,000 men under the command of the monarch Mehmet II assault the city defended by 7,000 soldiers. The fall of the city will radically modify the prevailing relationship of forces in the world and will momentarily isolate Europe from trade routes with Asia. (568 years ago)

1453: April 6
The Turkish Sultan Mehmed II, with an army of about 100,000 men and ten artillery batteries, including three huge cannons, begins the siege of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul, Turkey). The artillery will subject the walls to an almost constant bombardment. After several skirmishes, finally, on May 29 the final attack will begin and at sunset the Janissaries will manage to break through the walls destroyed by artillery next to the door of San Romano and the Turkish flag will fly in the, until that moment, impassable walls of Constantinople. (568 years ago)

1423: September 6
In present-day Turkey, Sultan Osmanlí Amurates II orders all his brothers to be strangled to get rid of his rivals to the succession to the throne. (598 years ago)

1402: July 28
Near Ankara, in present-day Turkey, Tamerlane defeats and captures the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I. After this victory the Mongols will occupy Smyrna, where they will destroy the garrison of the Hospitallers, and will reach the Bosphorus Strait. (619 years ago)

1205: April 14
In today's Turkey, on the plains of Adrianople, the scene of fierce battles for centuries to conquer Constantinople, the battle of the same name takes place in which the Bulgarians almost completely destroy the Frankish army, managing to capture their Emperor Baudouin I, from whom it will never be heard again, thus ending the goal of conquering the Byzantine Empire. (816 years ago)

1204: May 16
At the Hagia Sophia in present-day Istanbul, Turkey, Baudouin IX is crowned the first Latin emperor as Baldwin I. The Latin Empire replaces the Byzantine Empire as successor to the Roman Empire in the east, with a Western Catholic emperor in place. of the Eastern Orthodox emperors. This Empire will not achieve political and economic domination over the other Latin fiefdoms and will go into decline until its end in 1261. (817 years ago)

1204: April 12
Alexius V, the last Greek emperor of a united Byzantium and who has led the defense of Constantinople with great courage, flees the city when he sees the desperate situation due to the siege to which the Fourth Crusade is subjecting it, which this very day will conquer the city. (817 years ago)

1098: June 3
The troops of the First Crusade, who in the early hours of the 2nd to the 3rd captured Antioch (Turkey), organize a massacre of the entire Turkish population that is exterminated, without sparing the lives of the elderly, women or children who inhabit the city. The looting and pillaging will continue until late in the afternoon of the following day. Subsequently, on November 5, Antioch will be assigned to Bohemond of Tarentum, becoming part of the Principality of Antioch, in the midst of the opposition of Raymond IV of Tolosa, who will be the only one who will insist on fulfilling the oath of fidelity taken to the emperor Alexius I, but that the other crusaders will refuse to comply, as the emperor did not give them the promised help during the siege of the city. (923 years ago)

1097: October 21
The crusaders, led by Geoffrey of Bouillon, Bohemond of Tarentum, and Raymond IV of Tolosa, begin the siege of Antioch (present-day Turkey), a city that they will conquer on June 2, 1098. (924 years ago)

1097: July 1
After the siege of Nicea on June 19, the crusader army of Bohemond of Tarentum advanced towards Jerusalem when, at dawn today, in Dorilea (Anatolia, Turkey), it was attacked by surprise by the soldiers of Kilij Arslan I, leading to the Battle of Dorilea. Godfrey de Bouillon will break the Turkish line and defeat the Muslim army thanks to the later help of Adhemar de Le Puy, who will attack from the rear. (924 years ago)

1097: June 19
At dawn on this day, after a siege that began on May 14, the crusaders wake up observing the Byzantine banners raised on the walls of the city of Nicea (in present-day Turkey), as Sultan Kilij Arslan I surrendered to the Byzantine Emperor Alejo I. Thus the taking of this city takes place during the First Crusade that passes to the power of the crusaders. In a week, on the 26th, the Crusaders will hand over the custody of Nicaea to the Byzantines and set out for Antioch, halfway between Constantinople and Jerusalem, where they will begin another long siege. (924 years ago)

1071: August 26
At the Battle of Manzikert (present-day Turkey), the Seljuk Turks under the command of Alp Arslan defeat the Byzantine troops and capture the Roman Emperor IV Diogenes, who is brought before Alp Arslán who is magnanimous in victory and sets him free. after signing a peace treaty in acceptable conditions: Romano will pay a million coins and deliver Manzikert, Edessa, Manjib and Antioch, which will mark the beginning of the fall of the Byzantine Empire by opening the doors of Anatolia to the Turkish push and the repopulation of numerous areas of Asia Minor. In exchange for this, both empires will remain at peace. Once Roman IV died, Alp Arslam will consider that the deal agreed by both after the battle of Manzikert will have expired and he will feel liberated to continue attacking the Byzantine Empire. (950 years ago)

963: August 16
Nicephorus II "Phocas", prominent general, is crowned Emperor of the Byzantine Empire in Santa Sofia by Patriarch Polyeuctus, after the premature death of Roman II, probably by poisoning. In 969 he was assassinated in a plot in which his wife and nephew Juan Tzimisces participated. (1058 years ago)

867: September 23
In Byzantium, present-day Turkey, after assassinating his protector, Emperor Michael III, Basilio I, a native of Macedonia, ascended to the throne, thus founding the so-called Macedonian dynasty. During his reign, the Byzantine Empire will expand territorially and will become the greatest power in Europe of its time, achieving important victories over its enemies who threaten its borders. Basilio will also initiate a reform of the legal codes, which will end with his son León VI. He will die with high fevers due to a hunting accident in 886. (1154 years ago)

717: August 15
The second Arab siege of the city begins in Constantinople (Turkey), one of the largest Islamic campaigns against the Byzantine Empire that for 12 months will surround the capital of the empire with a great army that by land and sea. Had it succeeded, it could have spelled the end of Europe as we know it. (1304 years ago)

532: January 11
In Byzantium (present-day Istanbul, Turkey) the rebellion of Nika broke out, shaking the throne of Emperor Justinian I, when General Hypatio was proclaimed emperor by the people. This same day, with the fortitude of the Empress Theodora, the troops of Belisarius arrest and execute him. In a week, on January 18, the final triumph of Justinian I over the popular revolt will take place, allowing him to face a vast plan of internal reforms and military expansion in the West. The rebels will be mercilessly slaughtered. (1489 years ago)

475: January 9
A revolt instigated by Verina in favor of her brother Basilisco, forces the Byzantine emperor Zeno to flee from his capital in Constantinople (present-day Turkey). The emperor will hide in a fortress in Antioch where he will spend the next year and a half recruiting an army to march on Constantinople in August 476. Then chaos will reign in the capital where Basilisk is little loved so the entry into the city will take place practically without opposition being Zeno restored to the throne. (1546 years ago)

457: February 7
Supported by the head of the Gothic militias, Leo I the Great (401-474) ascends to the throne of Byzantium, who will establish the divine nature of the Eastern emperors. During his reign, the Balkans will be devastated by the Ostrogoths and the Huns. In October 473, he designated his grandson, Leo II as his successor, dying four months later. (1564 years ago)

451: October 8
Under the authority of Pope Saint Leo I the Great, the ecumenical council of Chalcedon (modern Turkey) begins in which the two natures of Jesus Christ are proclaimed in one person: divine and human. (1570 years ago)

382: October 3
In Constantinople (present-day Turkey), the Roman emperor Theodosius I signs peace with the Visigoths, by which, and with subsidies paid by the imperial government, they are allowed to settle south of the banks of the Danube River with the commitment to fight by the Empire when required. (1639 years ago)

378: August 9
The Battle of Adrianople (in present-day Turkey) takes place when the Visigoths face the Roman army of 60,000 troops led by the Emperor Valente, who falls dead in the battle, along with 40,000 other Romans. After this battle the barbarians will notice the weakness of Rome and will continue to make frequent incursions into Roman territory, being the beginning, to a certain extent, of the decline of the Empire, which after the sack of Rome in 410 by Alaric's troops, will culminate with the final fall at 476. (1643 years ago)

335: September 19
In Byzantium (present-day Turkey), Flavius Dalmatius, censor and nephew of Constantine I the Great, is elevated to the rank of Caesar, with control of Thrace, Aquea and Macedonia. He will be killed by his own soldiers in the late summer of 337. (1686 years ago)

330: May 11
After six years of work, and still without finishing the works, Emperor Constantine the Great proclaims Byzantium (Constantinople, present-day Istanbul, in Turkey) as the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, an act that will help transform it into one of the main cities of the world. (1691 years ago)

325: August 25
In the kingdom of Bithynia, the Council of Nicea (city of Asia Minor in Turkey) concludes, the first ecumenical council of the Christian church convened by Emperor Constantine I the Great, to put an end to the Arianism controversy, reaching the conclusion of that the Son of God possesses the same nature as God the Father. From this Council will emerge the "Nicene Creed", which is the most universally accepted Christian creed. (1696 years ago)

324: September 18
In the Battle of Chrysopolis (current Uskudar, Turkey) the final encounter between Constantine the Great and Licinius takes place, who is defeated and captured, establishing the exclusive control of Constantine over the Roman Empire. (1697 years ago)

321: March 7
From Constantinople, present-day Turkey, Constantine I the Great, to reinforce his imperial authority for administrative purposes against Licinius, decrees by edict that the "dies solis" (current Sunday) will be a holiday, gradually entering the traditions of the Church, replacing thus to Saturday, until then the most guarded by Christians. On November 3, 383, another emperor, Theodosius I, established that the day of rest, the "dies solis", would be renamed "dies dominicus." (1700 years ago)

313: June 13
In Nicomedia (present day Izmit, Anatolia, Turkey), the Roman emperor Flavio Galerio Valerio Licinius Licinius publishes what later will be known like "Edict of Milan" admitting the freedom of worship of all the religions in the territories of the Empire. In this way Christianity is legalized, although this edict does not make it the official religion of the Empire, but it does grant Christians the same rights as other citizens. (1708 years ago)

69aC: October 6
In Tigranocerta, former capital of the Armenian Empire (in present-day Turkey), the Battle of Triganocerta takes place where the Roman forces, commanded by the consul Lucius Licinius Lucullus, defeat the army of Tigranes II, which doubles them in number, and takes the capital after the battle. (2090 years ago)

356BC: July 21
In Ephesus, an ancient town in Asia Minor, near the current city of Smyrna, in Turkey, the Temple of Artemis is burned by the arsonist shepherd Erostratus, who does so seeking a path to personal fame at any cost. With its destruction, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World disappears, and a place of worship visited by thousands of worshipers from all over the known world. (2377 years ago)

1906: January 20
Born in Izmir (Turkey) Aristotle Onassis, businessman in the shipping industry and Greek billionaire. (115 years ago)

1792: December 12
Born in Constantinople (Turkey) Alejandro Ypsilantis, who will be the leader of the secret society for the independence of Greece, Philikí Hetairía. In 1821, he will fight against the Ottoman domination, and will enter Moldavia, in Turkish hands, with a small army. In 1822, his brother Dimitros convened an assembly proclaiming the independence of Greece in the theater of Epidaurus. (228 years ago)

1642: January 2
In the Topkapi Palace of Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey), capital of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV was born, son of Ibrahim I. At just 6 years old, in 1648, he ascended to the throne as sultan, marking the end of a very unstable time for the Ottoman dynasty. In 1687 he was overthrown by the Janissaries and replaced by his brother Suleiman II. (379 years ago)

1566: May 26
Mehmed III, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death in 1603, was born in Manisa, Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey). Frivolous and idle ruler, he will order the strangulation of his 19 brothers to achieve the succession. (455 years ago)

1524: May 28
In the city of Istanbul (Turkey), the one who will be sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death was born: Selim II. Son of Suleiman the Magnificent and his favorite Aleksandra, he will come to the throne through palace intrigues and family disputes. He will be the first sultan who will not continue with the military campaigns and will leave power in the hands of his ministers, to be left alone during their revelries and orgies. For this reason he will be known as Selim "the Beodo". (497 years ago)

1432: March 30
In Edirne (Turkey), capital of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed II, nicknamed "the Conqueror", was born, son of Murad II, who will be the Ottoman Sultan of the Osmanli dynasty between 1451 and 1481. In 1453 he will take Constantinople, which will mean the end of the Byzantine Empire. He will establish the borders of his empire on the Danube. (589 years ago)

905: September 2
In Constantinople, present-day Istanbul (Turkey), he was born who from 912, and first under the regency of his uncle Alexander, and after his mother Zoé and later dominated by his father-in-law, and until his death in 959, will be Emperor Byzantine under the name of Constantine VII. It will continue the wars against the Muslims of Mesopotamia and Syria, stop the advance of the Hungarians and maintain diplomatic relations with Russia. He will be known as a scholar and writer. (1116 years ago)

Reported deaths in Turkey
2006: November 5
In Ankara, the capital of Turkey, the Turkish politician Bulent Ecevit, a secular and modernist mindset, and close from a young age to the Turkish left, died of a stroke. He was Prime Minister of his country several times and champion of the renewal and modernization of Turkey in order to achieve the approach to the Western model. (15 years ago)

1938: November 10
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, President of the Republic and sponsor of the secularization of Islamic society, dies in Turkey. (83 years ago) 1774: January 21In Costantinople, Turkey, the caliph and sultan of the Ottoman empire Mustafa III, who attempted government and military reforms aimed at halting the fall of the empire, passed away. In spite of everything, his reign has been characterized by the loss of power and territories. His brother Abdul Hamid will succeed him. (247 years ago)

1574: December 12
In the city of Istanbul (Turkey), Selim II, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death today, dies. He was one of the sons of Suleiman the Magnificent and his favorite Aleksandra. After acceding to the throne through palace intrigues and family disputes, he became the first sultan who did not want to continue with the military campaigns, delegating control to his ministers, in exchange for being left free for his great revelries and orgies. So he was known as Selim "the Beodo". (446 years ago)

1448: October 31
In Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire (now Turkey), Emperor Juan VIII Palaiologos, son of Manuel II, dies. In his fight against the Ottoman Turks, he requested military support in the West and tried to contain the fall of the Empire by uniting the Greek and Roman churches at the Council of Ferrara-Florence in 1439. (573 years ago)

1425: July 21
The Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos, who during his reign suffered border pressure from the Ottoman Turks under the command of Sultan Bayezid, dies in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey), the Byzantine emperor since 1391, a situation that was appeased by the appearance of the Turkish-Mongolian Tamerlane. who went to war against Bayezid. Thanks to his great diplomatic work, the final conquest of the Byzantine Empire at the hands of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II will be delayed until 1453. (596 years ago)

1282: December 11
In Turkish Thrace, along the shores of the Sea of Marmara, Michael VIII, emperor of Byzantium since 1261 and founder of the Palaiologos dynasty that will rule until the end of the Byzantine empire in 1453, dies. (738 years ago)

1190: June 10
The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa), whose reign represents the heyday of the Holy Roman Empire by consolidating imperial power, both within Germany and in northern Italy, and introducing a unified legislative body, again resorting to law Roman, falls from his horse and suffocates from the weight of his armor while trying to cross the Saleph River in Anatolia, present-day Turkey, during the Third Crusade to the Holy Land. (831 years ago)

1133: February 19
In Constantinople, Irene Ducas, Byzantine empress, married to Emperor Alexios I at the age of fifteen, died. He had nine children, including John II Komnenos, who succeeded his father to the Byzantine throne in 1118, and the historian Ana Komnenos. (888 years ago)

1056: August 31
In Constantinople (present-day Istanbul, Turkey), the Empress Teodora Porfirogeneta died suddenly without leaving an heir, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. Power struggles will be unleashed between various noble families that will last until 1081 when Alexios I begins the dynasty of the Comnenos. (965 years ago)

1034: April 11
The Roman Emperor of Byzantium Romano III is assassinated in Constantinople (present-day Turkey), probably by order of his wife Zoé, for ignoring a plot that his sister Theodora was preparing to overthrow them. In life he tried to win over his subjects with a tax reduction policy that put the empire's coffers in serious difficulties. (987 years ago)

711: November 4
On the outskirts of Damatrys, Bithynia, present-day Turkey, Justinian II, emperor of the Romans, is executed for two separate periods, from 685 to 695 and from 705 to 711. Justinian II, who had assumed command of the empire in 685 with just 16 years ago, he soon revealed his lust for power characteristic of the Heraclian dynasty, exercising an aggressive despotism. This led to a revolt that in 695, the intermediate period, reached its peak, being overthrown and occupied by the usurping generals Leoncio and Tiberio III. Leontius ordered Justinian's nose to be cut off to incapacitate him as emperor. In spite of everything, in 705 Justianiano regained power by pursuing his enemies with blood and fire and murdering hundreds of people in the capital, accused of possible collaborations against him. So much nonsense took its toll and, finally, on this day, an officer cuts off his head, which he will send to Rome and Ravenna to be exhibited. His son Tiberius will also be assassinated, putting an end, in this tragic way, to the Heracleian dynasty. (1310 years ago)

565: November 14
Justinian I the Great, emperor of the Romans from August 1, 527 until his death, dies in Constaninople, present-day Turkey. He wanted to restore the old empire. (1456 years ago)

548: June 28
The empress Theodora, wife of Emperor Justinian I, died of cancer in Constantinople who, with her determined attitude, saved her husband's life and throne during the Nika uprising in 532. As a co-regent with her husband, she had great He influenced the politics of the Eastern Empire and was in charge of enacting various laws to protect the rights of women. She was originally a circus actress and Justiniano, to marry, had to annul the existing prohibition against marriages between the nobility and former actresses. (1473 years ago)

450: July 28
After reigning for 42 years, the Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire Theodosius II died in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey). During his tenure, his Empire warred against the Huns and Persians, ordered the construction of the Walls of Constantinople, and two important Christological controversies took place with Nestorians and Eutychians. Also, in the year 429 he dictated the compilation of the laws in force known as the "Theodosian Code" that finally saw the light in the year 438. (1571 years ago)

337: May 22
Constantine I the Great, Roman emperor from 306 to 337, and the first of them converted to Christianity, died in Ancycrona (present-day Turkey). He founded Constantinople (modern Istanbul), as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. (1684 years ago)

Outstanding Events in Afghanistan


2021: August 15
After 20 years of war, with the Taliban taking over Kabul, with practically no resistance following the flight of President Ghani and the abandonment of Western international troops, Afghanistan becomes an Islamic State. (Less than a year ago)

2004: October 9
In Afghanistan, the first presidential elections are held after the fall of the Taliban regime with a very high turnout and without major logistical or security problems. Confirming the forecasts, Hamid Karzai, who has been acting president of the Afghan transitional administration since December 2001, proclaims himself the winner with more than 55% of the votes. Among strong security measures, he will take office on December 7 in the capital, Kabul, in an act that will be attended by 150 international leaders announcing, a few days later, the formation of a new government. (17 years ago)

2001: December 7
The Taliban regime relinquishes its stronghold of Kandahar, marking the beginning of the end of the 61-day war in Afghanistan, after Taliban fighters have laid down their weapons after weeks of bombardment by US planes. Karzai, the head of Afghanistan's new interim administration, has helped ensure the surrender of the hardliners in this Taliban stronghold. (19 years ago)

2001: November 13
In response to the bloody terrorist attacks of September 11 in New York, Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, whose Taliban regime has provided support and refuge to Al Qaeda, is captured by the anti-Taliban forces, called the Northern Alliance, led by states. United. (20 years ago)

2001: September 11
The most barbaric and stark terrorism shakes the heart of the West. The Twin Towers of New York (USA) are reduced to rubble when they hit two previously hijacked airliners. The Pentagon is also seriously damaged by a third hijacked plane. A fourth plane crashes in Pennsylvania after its passengers mutiny against hijackers. It is the worst attack suffered by the United States in its more than two hundred years of history. The result 2,997 dead and missing. Islamist terrorism is behind the action. The answer will materialize in a war in Afghanistan. (20 years ago)

1989: February 15
Following the orders of President Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union withdraws its last occupation troops from neighboring Afghanistan, after staying there since 1979. More than 15,000 Soviet soldiers have lost their lives. (32 years ago)

1979: December 27
International tension heats up when Soviet Union troops break into Afghanistan, swiftly attack Hafizullah Amin's presidential palace, and execute him. In just six days 55,000 soldiers will make an appearance in the Islamic country without being prepared for a guerrilla war, with heavy weapons almost useless to fight in the mountains, thus initiating an occupation that will last until 1988 and that will cause more of 15,000 Soviet casualties, about 18,000 Afghans and about 80,000 mujahideen (within Islam, the one who makes the "holy war"). (41 years ago)

1934: September 26
Afghanistan is admitted as a member of the League of Nations. (87 years ago)

1879: May 26
In Afghanistan, the Gandamak peace treaty is signed, imposing a British semi-protectorate over Afghanistan. (142 years ago)

1842: January 6
After long years of fighting between the British army and Afghan Muslim nationalists, Afghanistan consolidates its independence by forcing British imperial forces to retreat to India. (179 years ago)

Outstanding Facts in Albania


1946: January 11
The Albanian Constituent Assembly, which has been elected the previous month, proclaims the People's Republic of Albania. A new constitution and a new government will be promulgated in March, headed by Enver Hoxha. The communist regime will initiate a wide campaign of purges to eliminate the opponents and initiate the socialization of the State. (75 years ago)

1912: November 28
In Vlorë, nationalist Albanian delegates, led by Ismail Qemali, proclaim the independence of Albania and the formation of an independent government, raising the Albanian flag in the city, after forming the Albanian National Congress. This fact means the end of the domination of almost 500 years of the Ottoman Empire. Ismail Qemali will be the Prime Minister of Albania between 1912 and 1914. (108 years ago)

48aC: July 10
In the territories of present-day Albania the battle of Dirraquio takes place in which Cneo Pompeyo defeats Julius Caesar but, having everything in his favor, he does not take advantage of the opportunity to annihilate him and end the Civil War. (2069 years ago)

Outstanding births in Albania
1910: August 26
Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, later known as Mother Teresa of Calcutta, was born in Albania, a Catholic nun famous for her brilliant humanitarian work in India, alongside the poorest. After her death in 1997, she will be beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2003. (111 years ago)

Reported deaths in Albania
1985: April 11
In Tirana, the capital of Albania, Enver Hoxha, the Albanian communist dictator, dies, who was in close harmony with Stalin, and took advantage of Tito's Yugoslavia break with the Soviet regime to break with Yugoslavia and strengthen his control over the Party Albanian Communist, purging him of pro-Tito elements. Later he rejected de-Stalinization and the opening that Khrushchev introduced into the Soviet Union, breaking with that country in 1961. (36 years ago)

Outstanding Events in Germany


1994: September 8
In Berlin, Germany, the Allied troops (UK, France and USA) who have occupied Berlin during the Cold War are fired. Soviet troops withdrew on August 31. (27 years ago)

1992: February 7
A Treaty is signed in Maastricht (Holland) by which Western European nations, after centuries of armed conflict, unite in a spirit of economic cooperation, seeking common security policies and cooperation between police and other authorities against crime, terrorism and immigration. The treaty is signed by the Ministers of 12 countries of the European Community (Great Britain, France, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands) and will enter into force from of January 1, 1993. establishes rules for the future single currency and a common foreign and security policy. The "European Union" officially replaces the "European Community". (29 years ago)

1990: October 3
By signing a Unification Treaty, East and West Germany are reunited, thus ending 45 years of division and the Cold War. As a result of World War II, Germany was divided among the four victorious allies: the Soviet Union, the United States, Great Britain and France. In 1949, the United States, Great Britain, and France reunified their zones of occupation and created the Federal Republic of Germany. The Soviets, by contrast, maintained their zone of occupation and established the German Democratic Republic. In November 1989, with the fall of the Berlin Wall, the first serious steps towards reunification were taken. The new German state adopts the structure of the Federal Republic of Germany and Berlin recovers its status as capital in the new unified state. (31 years ago)

1989: November 9
The perestroika that Gorbachev has brought to the European countries of the Soviet orbit, has its culminating symbol in the fall and physical demolition of the Berlin wall by the angry population. Berlin is no longer divided and becomes one again. (32 years ago)

1972: September 5
During the celebration of the Olympic Games in Munich, Palestinian terrorists attack the rooms of the Israeli delegation in the Olympic village, murdering two members of the team while kidnapping nine others. The terrorist command demands the release of 200 Arabs who are in Israeli prisons and that of imprisoned German terrorists, in exchange for the lives of the athletes. On the evening of the following day, September 6, the East German authorities will take the terrorists and their hostages to the airport, as they have demanded. There snipers of the German police will open fire trying a desperate rescue. In the ensuing chaos, the Palestinians will kill five Israeli athletes with grenades and four others will be shot to death. In addition, five Palestinians and one German will lose their lives in the skirmish. Despite what happened, and after being suspended for twenty-four hours, the Games will continue as normal. Very few athletes and delegations will leave the Olympic village in Munich. (49 years ago)

1972: August 26
With the presence of 121 countries and 10,088 athletes, the XVII Olympics of the Modern Era are inaugurated in Munich (Germany). During its course, Black September, a Palestinian terrorist group, will kidnap the Israeli delegation, assassinating 2 of its components and, after a disastrous rescue, 9 more will die. The Games will close on September 11. (49 years ago)

1970: March 19
For the first time, in the middle of the "Cold War", the leaders of the governments of West Germany and the German Democratic Republic, Willy Brandt and Willi Stoph respectively, meet in the city of Erfurt, in East Germany. Chancellor Brandt's decision to maintain his "Ostpolitik", or "Eastern Policy", involves reversing the traditional isolation that West Germany has sought of the Democratic Republic from the rest of the world. The efforts will bear fruit and three years later, both countries will agree to diplomatic recognition and their integration into the UN. For his policy of rapprochement and détente between the two Europes, Willy Brandt will be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971. (51 years ago)

1963: June 26
The President of the USA, John F Kennedy, after returning from a visit on foot to one of the most well-known border crossings of the Berlin Wall, Checkpoint Charlie, and before 120,000 Berliners has a pioneering speech in American solidarity with the citizens of West Germany when pronouncing in his speech the phrase: "Ich bin ein Berliner" ("I am Berliner"). (58 years ago)

1961: August 13
In the German Democratic Republic, as the rate of flight to the western area increased, the order was given to begin the construction of a wall that delimits both areas of the city while completely isolating western Berlin. The "wall of shame", as it will be called by the outrage it will cause in the West, will become a painful symbol of the Cold War and communist oppression. The concrete wall will be 5 meters high and will be crowned by electrified barbed wire and guarded by turrets with guards and machine guns. In its vicinity, antipersonnel mines will be laid and will eventually stretch more than 120 kilometers, dividing Berlin in two and completely encircling the western area. The wall will be torn down on November 9, 1989. (60 years ago)

1957: March 25
In Rome, the representatives of France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg sign the Treaties of Rome, which are the founding Treaties of the European Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). (64 years ago)

1951: October 18
In Cologne (Germany), Werner Meyer-Eppler, Robert Beyer, Fritz Enkel and Herbert Eimert meet to explain the content of a program on electronic music broadcast on the radio the day before. Thus the foundations of electronic music are created that will break down the barriers on the composition and performance of music to date, illuminating new instruments, methods of composition and recording. Two years later they founded the so-called Electronic Music Studio, located in the West German Radio facilities of this city. (70 years ago)

1949: October 7
The Democratic Republic of Germany is born, the first forays of the Cold War that divided the Germans and their capital, Europe, and the world into two opposing blocs. (72 years ago)

1949: September 15
The Christian Democrat Konrand Adenauer is elected by the Bundestag as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. (72 years ago) 1948: June 25After Stalin ordered the Red Army yesterday to block all land accesses to West Berlin (Germany), it is today when the allied airlift begins in order to supply the civilian population, some two million inhabitants who he would not be able to survive long without food. This first blockade will last almost a year. (73 years ago)

1948: March 17
As during the previous two years the USSR has established socialist regimes in central and eastern Europe, the climate of mutual distrust between the former allies against Hitler's Germany grows in the face of western fear of an extension of Soviet power. For this reason, today, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom sign the so-called "Treaty of Brussels", by means of which they promise each other assistance in case of aggression. This treaty lays the foundations of what will be the future NATO, which will finally see the light of day on April 4, 1949 by signing the "North Atlantic Treaty" the "Brussels Five", plus Canada, Denmark, the United States, Iceland, Italy, Norway and Portugal. (73 years ago)

1945: November 20
The chamber of the International Military Tribunal to judge the War Crimes committed by Nazi Germany opens in Nuremberg (Germany). 24 high-ranking Hitler officials are on trial as guilty of atrocities committed during World War II. The court is made up of British, Soviet, American and French magistrates. On October 1, 1946, a sentence will be passed condemning to death 12 ideologues of the Nazi doctrine of extermination (Hermann Goering, head of the Gestapo and the Luftwaffe, who will commit suicide before his execution and Joachim von Ribbentrop, minister of affairs exteriors are among them). Another seven will be sentenced to prison and three will be released. Those sentenced to death will be hanged on October 16. (76 years ago)

1945: April 29
American troops liberate the Dachau concentration camp (Germany), the first extermination camp established by the Nazi regime, in an abandoned munitions factory northeast of the city. This camp opened in 1933, five weeks after Hitler became German Chancellor. At Dachau, humans have been used as guinea pigs for medical and scientific tests in which all sorts of things have been experimented with without any ethical limits. As of April 1945 there are 67,665 registered prisoners. Approximately 32,000 people have died within its walls. When the American troops arrive there, they are so impressed by the cruel living conditions of the prisoners that they immediately execute about thirty German guards. After liberation, (76 years ago)

1945: February 13
A massive aerial bombardment of the allies takes place against the German city of Dresden. Over 3 days, 1,300 British and American planes will drop 3,900 tons of bombs and incendiary material, reducing the city to rubble and killing between 35,000 (official sources) and 135,000 people (civilian sources). Some Allied middle managers strongly disagree with this action against defenseless civilians, since Dresden is not an industrial city for the production of war material. The instigators of the attack say that it will serve to break the lines of communication that have hindered the Soviet offensive in the East. Despite this, many will continue to believe that the attack was planned to terrorize the German civilian population and thus force the Nazi surrender. (76 years ago)

1944: September 6
During World War II, Germany, which already has 1,800 missiles in storage, used its long-range secret weapon, the "V-2" missile, for the first time, with two inaccurate launches against the city of Paris. Two days later, on September 8, the attack on London will begin. At the beginning of the attacks and to avoid panic among the population, the British government will inform the population that the explosions are caused by faulty gas pipes; However, after a few days, he will have to admit the truth, since the Nazi propaganda will then reveal the existence of the retaliatory weapon called "V-2". (77 years ago)

1944: July 20
Colonel Von Stauffenberg attacks Hitler, who escapes unscathed, in Rastenburg (East Prussia). The conspirators will be hunted down and more than 5,000 people will be executed, of whom 200 have taken direct part in the July 20 bombing. Hitler will establish the legal responsibility of the families of the accused with what will proceed to their arrest. (77 years ago)

1943: May 17
During World War II, the RAF, the British air force, bombarded the industrial heartland of Germany by destroying three dams in the Ruhr Valley. The attack disrupts water and electricity supplies in a key German war munitions manufacturing area. (78 years ago)

1941: December 11
Adolf Hitler, Nazi president of Germany, declares that he is going to war against the United States, and Benito Mussolini for Italy does the same. At the request of the President, the United States Congress responds immediately by declaring war on the two axis powers. (79 years ago)

1941: June 22
Germany, with Hitler as leader, violates the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty by initiating Operation Barbarossa at 3:05 a.m., with which the Army Group of the South advances on Kiev, thus beginning the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union. The Germans will take thousands of Soviet prisoners, but their advance will slow down slowly with a rainy July that will muddy the territory, causing trucks to jam and tanks to block. The Beresina river will definitively abort the operation. Hitler, with the failure of the Battle of Britain and this decision to invade the Soviet Union, will put Germany into a two-front war that will prove fatal for the Third Reich. (80 years ago)

1940: April 9
In the middle of World War II, and on the occasion of the so-called "Operation Weserubung", Nazi Germany invaded neutral Denmark and Norway, violating their neutrality and surprising everyone. With this surprise attack, he gains control of several strategic sites on the Norwegian coast. In June, the Norwegian resistance will be anecdotal so the country will definitely fall into German hands. Quisling, leader of the Norwegian Nazi party, will be the visible head of a Nazi-led government. At the end of the war in 1945, Quisling will be arrested, tried, convicted as a traitor, and executed. (81 years ago)

1939: September 1
Without any prior warning or declaration of war, at dawn today, following orders from the Nazi Adolf Hitler, a million and a half German soldiers, who are part of five armies made up of infantry, tanks and cavalry troops, penetrate into Polish territory on different fronts. Soon after, German planes bombard the cities of Katowice, Krakovia, Tczew and Tunel with incendiary bombs. In Warsaw the air strikes begin at 9:00 local time. Faced with this violation of international law, Britain and France have mobilized their forces and are preparing for war against Germany for the second time this century. Thus begins what will be the devastating and cruel World War II. (82 years ago)

1939: August 30
At dawn, German troops disguised as Poles "invade" Germany, which serves as a trigger for German warmongering. Two days later Germany will invade Poland, without any prior warning or declaration of war, beginning the Second World War. (82 years ago)

1939: May 22
In Berlin (Germany), the foreign ministers of Italy and Germany sign the Steel Pact, a political and military alliance between the two countries of fascist ideology. (82 years ago)

1939: February 14
In Hamburg (Germany), Nazi naval forces launch the war battleship Bismarck, 260 meters long and with an empty displacement of 41,000 tons (50,900 tons at full load), in order to be the flagship of the fleet of German surface. (82 years ago)

1938: November 9
On the night of 9-10, what will be known as "the night of broken glass" takes place in Austria and Germany, in which a murder serves as an excuse to launch a revolt against Jewish citizens throughout the country. The attack, engineered to look like a spontaneous act, is orchestrated by the German government. Some 1,600 synagogues, cemeteries, more than 7,000 shops and 29 Jewish warehouses are damaged or destroyed. More than 30,000 Jews are arrested and interned in concentration camps, many are lynched, some even to death and many of them are subjected to all kinds of humiliations suffering the ridicule of their compatriots who, until recently, had been their friends and neighbors. (83 years ago)

1938: September 30
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and French leader Edouard Daladier sign the Munich Pact with the German Chancellor and Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, by which the Sudetenland is ceded to the Germans, thinking that this pact will bring "peace to our time". The following day Germany, in an arrogant gesture, will annex the Sudetenland and six months later almost all of Czechoslovakia will be under despotic German rule. In September 1939, Hitler invaded Poland causing Great Britain and France to declare war on him, thus initiating World War II. (83 years ago)

1936: October 25
At the request of Italy, which is facing the League of Nations on the occasion of its wars of occupation in Somalia and Abyssinia (Ethiopia), Germany and Italy establish the Berlin-Rome Axis. Japan will join once World War II begins. (85 years ago)

1936: August 9
During the celebration of the Berlin Olympics, Jesse Owens, an African-American athlete, wins his fourth gold medal, breaking the world record for 4 x 100 relays. Adolf Hitler, who wishes to use these Olympics as a showcase for the supremacy of the Aryan race, is disheartened when Owens wins the 100 and 200 meter sprints, long jump and the relay race. Hitler, who plans to shake hands with all the winners of these games, leaves the stadium with a disgruntled gesture rather than congratulating the black athletes. (85 years ago)

1936: August 1
With the presence of 49 countries and 3,632 athletes, the X Olympics of the Modern Era are inaugurated in Berlin (Germany). They will close on August 16. (85 years ago)

1935: September 15
In Germany, Hitler's xenophobic madness continues "in crescendo" and promulgates the "Laws of Nuremberg" whereby the German population is divided into "citizens" of the Reich and "subjects" (minorities of non-German blood) deprived of any rights. constitutional, prohibiting Jews marriage or extramarital relations with German citizens or of similar blood, among many other similar measures. (86 years ago)

1934: August 2
Adolf Hitler, until now chancellor, becomes the sole leader of Germany after the death of President Paul von Hindenburg. The army swears obedience to the Führer. In just over ten years, Hitler's National Socialist Party has grown from a radical group to a ruling party. With the death of Hindenburg, the last vestiges of democratic government in Germany are completely dismantled. (87 years ago)

1933: December 1
In Germany, after winning the elections last March, the National Socialist party of Adolf Hitler becomes the only party of the State when the "Law to ensure the unity of the party and the State" enters into force. (87 years ago)

1933: April 7
In Germany, Adolf Hitler, continuing his crazy racist escalation, enacts discriminatory laws that prohibit Jews from practicing law, medicine, or holding public office. (88 years ago)

1933: March 10
Shortly after Adolf Hitler has been appointed German Chancellor, the first concentration camp opens in Dachau (Germany), in which at least 32,000 people will die of disease, malnutrition, physical abuse or simply executed, in an absolutely disgusting attitude of the Nazi regime. (88 years ago)

1933: March 5
In Germany they vote to choose the composition of the Reichstag and the National Socialist party of Adolf Hitler sweeps with 17,266,823 votes. The Social Democrats get 7,176,050, the Communists 4,845,379 and the Nationalists 3,132,595 votes. The foundations have been laid for the beginning of the most cruel dictatorship. (88 years ago)

1933: February 2
In Germany, just two days after being appointed Chancellor, Hitler dissolves Parliament. (88 years ago)

1932: July 31
In Germany, after Chancellor Franz von Papen has dissolved Parliament, early parliamentary elections take place to elect members of the Reichstag. The Nazi Party of Adolf Hitler becomes the first political force in the country by obtaining 230 seats, but does not achieve an absolute majority (305 seats out of 608). On March 5 of next year, the National Socialists will sweep the elections, initiating the most cruel dictatorship. (89 years ago)

1923: November 9
In Germany there is the failure of the Munich Putsch, a failed coup attempt started yesterday and carried out by members of the German National Socialist Workers Party (NSDAP). Hitler decides to march on Munich accompanied by some 2,500 men towards the Odeonplatz, where a police force will block their way. After a shooting, Hitler will be wounded and will be later arrested, tried and sentenced to prison along with other Nazi leaders. This will be the origin of the rise of fascism to power 10 years later. (98 years ago)

1919: August 11
The Weimar Constitution is formally declared, which incorporates conservative principles coupled with democratic elements, and establishes Germany as a federal republic with nine states and designates the election of a president by popular vote, who in turn will have the ability to elect the chancellor to form a government. The president may dissolve the cabinet and veto the laws of the legislative branch. Its powers will include the possibility of intervening in the federal states, in order to prevent problems of social order. It also proclaims the colors of its flag: black, red and gold, which symbolize Greater Germany, which should include Austria, a matter that will be postponed because the Treaty of Versailles explicitly prohibits it. (102 years ago)

1919: June 28
In the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles in Paris (France) the Treaty of Versailles is signed, which creates the League of Nations, an international body that aims to establish the bases for peace and the reorganization of the international relations after the First World War. At the same time, a peace agreement is signed between Germany and the victorious allied powers, through which the Germans will have to face a large compensation (269 billion gold marks to be paid in 42 annual installments), as war reparations for to compensate the allied powers for the damages caused during the conflict. John Maynard Keynes, British economist, warns that the war indemnities imposed on Germany in this Treaty will wreak havoc on the world economy and that the Treaty itself, rather than a peace agreement, is a declaration of war. The German hyperinflation of 1923 and the world depression of 1929 will prove him right. Keynes will defend government spending to create jobs. The creation of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank will be due in large part to the ideas of this brilliant economist. (102 years ago)

1919: April 12
In Weimar, Germany, the Staatliche Bauhaus, or simply Bauhaus, was founded, a school of architecture, design, crafts and art founded by the socialist architect Walter Gropius, with the idea of the necessary reform of artistic teachings as the basis for a subsequent transformation of bourgeois society. In 1933 it will be closed by the Prussian authorities in the hands of the Nazi Party. In its two decades, it will leave an important legacy to future architectural generations. (102 years ago)

1918: November 9
In Germany, Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates the Crown after the defeat of his country in the First World War. The Weimar Republic is proclaimed. (103 years ago)

1917: April 2
Although initially neutral in World War I, since it did not make the slightest gesture of condemnation to the German regime until the sinking of the British ship "HMS Lusitania" in May 1915, where 114 Americans died, it is today when US President Woodrow Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war against Germany, which is approved. On April 6, the House of Representatives will do the same by 373 votes in favor and 50 against. (104 years ago)

1897: August 10
Felix Hoffmann, a 29-year-old German chemist working for Bayer, synthesizes acetylsalicylic acid in the laboratory. Salicylic acid has been used as a medicine, although with serious effects on the digestive system. Hoffmann's merit was to solve this contraindication through acetylation on salicylic acid, obtaining acetylsalicylic acid, the active principle of aspirin. (124 years ago)

1895: December 28
Wilhem Conrad Roentgen, a German physicist, presents his preliminary work on the nature of X-rays to the Medical Physical Academy of Wurtzburg (Germany), which will be decisive for the beginning of radiological explorations, enabling the diagnosis of many pathologies. For this important discovery he will be deservedly awarded in 1901 with the first Nobel Prize in Physics. (125 years ago)

1895: November 8
In Germany, physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, while experimenting with cathode ray tubes, makes a momentous discovery that will revolutionize the world of medicine. While experimenting in his laboratory, he realizes that by means of a type of radiation he is able to see through materials, including his own body. He calls this phenomenon "X-rays" because of the unknown nature of radiation. Thanks to this, he will be awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. (126 years ago)

1886: January 29
In Germany, the German engineer Karl Benz patented the first car powered by an internal combustion engine. (135 years ago)

1871: January 18
In the Palace of Versailles, France, Otto von Bismarck proclaims the German Empire in which William I, King of Prussia, becomes the Kaiser of Germany, after the victory of Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War and as a result of the effort of the Otto von Bismarck himself, who has worked to achieve German unity to the exclusion of Austria. In this way, the South German States (Bavaria, Baden, Hesse and Württemberg), carried away by the patriotic enthusiasm that the war has aroused, immediately join the North German Confederation and institute the German Empire, or II Reich, that will last until 1918, coinciding with the end of World War I. (150 years ago)

1867: September 14
In Hamburg (Germany), the first volume of Karl Marx's work on economic and social theory, "Capital. Critique of Political Economy," is published. (154 years ago)

1862: September 22
In Berlin (present-day Germany), Bismarck is elevated to the Presidency of the Government and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Prussia by King William I. (159 years ago)

1813: October 19
The coalition army made up of Russians, Austrians and Prussians, defeats that of the French Emperor Napoleon I, after three days of fierce fighting in the Battle of the Nations, in Leipzig (Germany). 70,000 French and 50,000 Allied soldiers lost their lives. In November, Napoleon with the rest of his troops, will cross the Rhine to return to France. The disintegration of the Empire begins. At the end of this year, the allied armies will manage to enter France. (208 years ago)

1813: October 16
Napoleon leads his troops during the Battle of Leipzig, in Germany, against the allied forces made up of the armies of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Sweden. On the night of the 18th to the 19th, Napoleon will finally see that the battle is lost and will begin to withdraw most of his army across the Elster River. Total casualties are estimated at 95,000, the Coalition will suffer about 55,000 casualties, and the French about 40,000, with around 30,000 French captured as prisoners. (208 years ago)

1763: February 15
Austria, Prussia and Saxony, seal the Peace of Hübertusburg which marks the end of the so-called Seven Years War, by means of which Prussia annexes the Silesian region. With this Prussia becomes a great European power under the mandate of Frederick II the Great, who will emerge with a clearly strengthened position. (258 years ago)

1745: October 11
In the German city of Leyden, the clergyman Ewald Jurgen von Kleist presents an invention that allows to store electrical charges and that will be known as "Leyden bottle", the first type of capacitor. (276 years ago)

1704: August 13
During the War of the Spanish Succession (international conflict that goes from 1701 until the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, originated mainly by the death without descendants of Carlos II of Spain) takes place the Second Battle of Höchstädt, or Battle of Blenheim (Germany ), in which the armies of the Grand Alliance (England, Austria, the United Provinces, Prussia, Denmark, Hesse and Hannover) commanded by the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy, face the Franco-Bavarian forces led by the Elector of Bavaria, the Duke of Tallard and the Count of Marsin. They fight more than 100,000 troops from both sides and their balance is about 12,500 casualties, between dead and wounded, for the Grand Alliance, and 20,000 for the Franco-Bavarians, in addition to 14,000 prisoners. (317 years ago)

1520: December 10
In Wittenberg (Germany), Martin Luther, after the Pope's request to retract his thesis, publicly burns the papal bull that condemns him and is called "Exsurge Domine". With this act, he clearly shows his firm will to maintain his critical stance towards the Church while reaffirming his reformist theses. On January 3, he will be excommunicated. (500 years ago)

1517: October 31
In Wittenberg (Germany) the Augustinian monk Martin Luther sent a letter to the Archbishop of Mainz, while exposing it to the public by nailing it to the door of the local church. In the letter he warns him of the dangers that, in his opinion, is the doctrine of the Church by reason of the sale of indulgences. Attached to this writing is his 95 theses on the value of the bull of indulgences. Quickly, these theses will spread throughout the Holy Empire, giving rise to the Reformation. (504 years ago)

1158: June 14
The document "Der Augsburger Schied (The Augsburg Decision)", dated today, contains a concession made by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa to the Bavarian Duke Enrique de León, of a permit to build a bridge that crosses the river Isar (Germany), in an area that has been inhabited by religious since the 8th century, and which is mentioned for the first time with the name of Munich. That is why this document is considered the founding act of the German city of Munich. (863 years ago)

1122: September 23
In the plain of Worms, present-day Germany, the Concordat that puts an end to the investiture struggle is signed, through which the Church regains the freedom to choose a bishop, while the Emperor maintains some interference in the election of his vassal prelates. (899 years ago) 1039: June 4In Germany Henry III the Negro is crowned king. On December 25, 1046, he will be crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement II. During his reign he successfully faced constant civil wars against Duke Godfrey of Lorraine and against the nobility of Saxony and Bavaria. According to some historians, with him, the Holy Empire will reach its apogee. (982 years ago)

Outstanding births in Germany
1929: June 12Born in Frankfurt am Main (Germany), Anne Frank, a young Jewish woman, whose diary about her family's clandestine life in an attic of a warehouse in Amsterdam for two years, during the cruel German occupation of the Netherlands, will become a symbol against Nazi barbarism. He will die in an extermination camp in 1945. (92 years ago)

1906: October 14
Hannah Arendt is born in Hannover, Germany, who will be a German philosopher and politician of Jewish origin. With the arrival of Hitler to power, he will have to flee and will end up obtaining American citizenship. The basic points of his work will be occupied by topics such as totalitarianism, revolutions and action, understood as political activity. His main work will be "The origins of totalitarianism. " His thinking will be one of the most influential of the 20th century. (115 years ago)

1900: June 22
In Gelnhausen (Germany), Oskar Fischinger was born. Before becoming an animator and filmmaker, he was a musician and an architectural and tool design technician. His works will be a combination of geometry and music and, therefore, he will be considered the father of the video clip and one of the great experimental artists of the early 20th century. In 1936 he will escape the Nazi regime and flee to the USA (121 years ago)

1899: June 2
In Berlin, Germany, Lotte Reiniger was born who with scissors and paper will contribute to the world of cinema the first feature film that remains of what would later be the animated film, "The Adventures of Prince Achmed" released in 1926, which will take her three years to produce. A pioneer in the multiplane camera, and using silhouettes with true mastery, she will show the way to Walt Disney himself. (122 years ago)

1898: June 22
In the German city of Osnabrück, the writer Erich Maria Remarque, author of "Without novelty on the front," was born. (123 years ago)

1898: February 10Bertolt Brecht was born in Ausburg (Germany), a German playwright and poet, one of the most influential of the 20th century, creator of the so-called Epic Theater that always seeks the viewer's reflection. (123 years ago)

1892: July 15
In Berlin, Germany, the philosopher Walter Benjamin is born. A great theorist of modernity, he will advocate a universal, fairer and humane European culture, far from authoritarianism and consumerism. His thinking will pick up elements from German Idealism, Romanticism, historical materialism, and Jewish mysticism, enabling him to make lasting and influential contributions to aesthetic theory and Western Marxism. His thought is associated with the Frankfurt School. (129 years ago)

1882: December 11
Born in Breslau (Kingdom of Prussia and now Poland) Max Born, a German mathematician and physicist considered the father of quantum mechanics and one of the most decisive researchers in the fields of physics and mathematics. He introduced the concept of probability into the Schrödinger equation and stated one of the fundamental principles of physics that founds quantum mechanics, that of complementarity. He will win the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in quantum mechanics, an award shared with the German physicist Walter Bothe. (138 years ago)

1882: March 23
In southern Germany, in Erlanguen, Emmy Noether was born, who will be a German mathematician, later a nationalized American, known for revolutionizing the fields of theoretical physics and abstract algebra. After Hitler's rise to power, Emmy Noether will have to go into exile in the United States. Albert Einstein will consider her a genius. (139 years ago)

1880: November 1
In Berlin, Germany, Alfred Lothar Wegener was born, a German meteorologist and interdisciplinary scientist who, in 1911, became interested in the discovery of plant fossils with identical morphological characteristics in opposite parts of the Atlantic, developing the theory of continental drift and plate tectonics, for what will be recognized as the founding father of one of the major scientific revolutions of the twentieth century. He will meet his death during a meteorological observing expedition in Greenland in 1930. (141 years ago)

1879: March 14
Physicist Albert Einstein was born in Ulm (Germany). His "Theory of Relativity" will drastically alter the view of the Universe. (142 years ago) 1876: January 5In Cologne, Germany, Konrad Adenauer, German statesman, first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany and one of the so-called "fathers of Europe" was born. (145 years ago)

1859: January 27
In Berlin, Germany, Wilhelm II is born who will be the last German emperor and the last king of Prussia. With an extreme megalomaniac personality, he will rule between 1888 and 1918. (162 years ago)

1852: May 31
In Barmen (Germany), Julius Richard Petri was born who will work as an assistant to Robert Koch, a Nobel laureate who will discover the tuberculosis bacillus. In 1877, Julius had a brilliant idea by using glass disks to house the culture media used in bacteriology, and thus he will get his teacher to solve the culture problems he has. Petri dishes, so called from then on, will represent a true revolution in microbiology and will be able to isolate most of the microorganisms responsible for contagious diseases. (169 years ago)

1847: October 2
In Poznan (present-day Poland), Paul von Hindenburg, a German military and politician, was born, the last president of the Weimar Republic from 1925 until his death from cancer in 1934. (174 years ago)

1844: October 15
Born in the Rocken municipality (present-day Germany) the one who will be the nihilist and vitalist philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. His work will have a great influence at the end of the 19th century and a good part of the 20th century, due to its critical nature and for proposing to transform the values of Western culture, expressed in its ideal of the superman. (177 years ago)

1843: December 11
In Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Prussia (now Germany), Heinrich Robert Koch was born, a German doctor who discovered the tuberculosis and cholera bacillus, Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1905. (177 years ago)

1837: December 24
Born in Munich (now Germany) Isabel de Wittelsbach, better known by the diminutive Sissí, who will be Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary from 1854 until her death in 1898. (183 years ago)

1822: January 6
Born near Rostock (Germany), the German archaeologist, Heinrich Schliemann, who will go down in history by discovering the cities of Troy and Mycenae. (199 years ago)

1818: May 5
Born in Trier (Germany), the German politician, economist and philosopher Karl Marx, author, together with his friend Federico Engels, whom he met in Paris in 1844, of "Capital". (203 years ago)

1815: April 1
Born in Magdeburg (now Germany) Otto von Bismarck, politician and Prime Minister of Prussia, who will be called the "Iron Chancellor", for his authoritarian regime, despite appearances and universal suffrage aimed at neutralizing the middle classes, architect of German unification and key piece of international relations in the second half of the 19th century. (206 years ago)

1814: August 10
Henri Nestlé, a Swiss apothecary and businessman of German origin, was born in Frankfurt am Main (Germany), founder of the Nestlé company, one of the largest food and beverage companies in the world. In 1867 he developed condensed milk. Your baby flour will be instrumental in combating infant mortality by solving the problem of fresh milk supply. (207 years ago)

1813: May 22
In the city of Leipzig (Germany) the German romantic composer Richard Wagner was born, one of the most important figures in music of the 19th century. His operas "The Flying Dutchman" , "Tannhauser" or "The Ring of the Nibelung" are well known. (208 years ago)

1806: October 25
In the German city of Bayreuth, Johann Kaspar Schmidt was born, who will be known as Max Stirner, a German educator and philosopher whose positions will delve into radical selfishness. His philosophical-political reflections on the sovereign individual will have a marked impact on anarchist ideologies in the second half of the 19th century. In 1845 he published what may be his main work, "The only one and his property" , where he will criticize that religions and ideologies are based on empty concepts, which superimposed on the personal (selfish) interests of individuals, will reveal their invalidity, while defending self-responsibility and individual competence. Man will only be able to achieve his freedom when he breaks with religion and politics. (215 years ago)

1797: March 22
Wilhelm I, Kaiser of Germany, was born in Berlin (Germany) from January 18, 1871 until his death, on March 9, 1888, and King of Prussia from January 2, 1861. During his reign, Germany underwent a process of great industrialization, which will make it one of the richest countries in the world. (224 years ago)

1789: March 16
Born in the town of Erlangen (Germany), Georg Simon Ohm, physicist and mathematician who will contribute Ohm's Law, one of the fundamental laws of electric current circuits. (232 years ago)

1786: February 24
In Hanau, Germany, Wilhelm Grimm was born, who will be a German linguist and writer, whose name is always accompanied by that of his older brother Jakob. Both, the Grimm brothers, will be famous and loved by the children of the world for their collection of short stories in two volumes "Kinder und Hausmärchen (Tales of children and the home)" published between 1812 and 1815. (235 years ago)

1777: October 18
In the German city of Frankfurt on the Oder, Heinrich Wilhelm von Kleist was born. Very influenced by romanticism and interested in the human mind, the work of this poet, playwright and novelist considered one of the main dramatic writers of the so-called German romanticism and of all German literature, will try to reconcile destiny with individuality, conflict between emotion and reason. Among his most important works include The family Schroffenstein , drama Catherine of Heilbronn , the comedy The Broken Pitcher , the patriotic work The Prince of Homburg , or short story The Marquise of O. (244 years ago)

1776: January 24
In Königsberg (Prussia, now Russia), the German writer and composer ETA Hoffmann was born, who would exert a great influence on the romantic movement of German literature. (245 years ago)

1770: December 16
Born in Bonn (Germany), the German classical music composer, Ludwing van Beethoven, considered the main precursor of the transition from classicism to romanticism and universal genius of music, whose life will have three different creative periods. (250 years ago)

1770: August 27
Born in Sttugart (Germany), Georg Wilhem Friedrich Hegel, a great German philosopher who will reach the top of the nineteenth-century Teutonic movement of philosophical idealism, which will have such a prominent impact on the historical materialism of Karl Marx, another great of philosophy. (251 years ago)

1769: September 14
Born in Berlin (Germany) Alexander von Humbolt, father of maritime physics and volcanology. (252 years ago)

1755: April 10
Born in Meissen (Germany) Christian Friedrich Sammuel Hahnemann, a German doctor who will be considered the founder of homeopathy. Faced with the incomprehension of his people for his discoveries, he will move to France where he will enjoy a great reputation. (266 years ago)

1750: March 16
In Hannover (Prussia, present-day Germany), Caroline Herschel was born, a woman ahead of her time, who being an assistant to her brother William, astronomer royal discoverer of Uranus, she will be the first woman to discover a comet and more than a thousand double stars, dedicating her life to the study of the universe and music. For this reason, in 1828, she became the first woman to be an honorary member of the Royal Astronomical Society. (271 years ago)

1749: August 28
Born in Frankfurt on the Main (Germany) Johann Wolfang von Goethe, who will be considered the most important German poet of all time. From his prodigious pen will come the great drama "Faust". (272 years ago)

1719: November 14
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart, composer, conductor, excellent teacher and violinist was born in the city of Augsburg (now Germany). She will take great interest in the education of her son, the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who at six years of age will be an advanced keyboard player and an efficient violinist with an extraordinary ability to improvise and read sheet music. In 1765, Johann published in Augsburg his book "Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule" , a complete treatise on the technique of the violin that will be translated into several languages. (302 years ago)

1688: August 15
Frederick I of Prussia was born in Berlin, now Germany, who during his tenure will achieve a great internal development of Prussia by establishing a rigid and efficient economic system by transferring the public financial administration from local governments to the central authority. It will also establish compulsory primary education. (333 years ago)

1685: March 31
In Eisenach (Germany), Johann Sebastian Bach was born, German composer of the Baroque period and one of the greatest of all time, author of a fruitful and renowned work of cantatas, oratorios, suites, concerts, canons, fugues, parades, overtures , corals, etc. and organ artist, whose work will have great intellectual depth, emotional power, and virtuosity. At the age of 64, Bach began to lose vision, probably due to untreated diabetes, and died on July 28, 1750, at the age of 65, after undergoing a failed eye operation. (336 years ago)

1653: September 1
In Nuremberg, Germany, Johann Christoph Pachelbel was born, musician and composer, outstanding organist and harpsichord player, famous for his "Canon in D major". (368 years ago)

1646: July 1
In Leipzig, Germany, Gottfried Leibniz was born, a German philosopher and mathematician, who discovered the infinitesimal calculus and the binary system, the basis of current computation. (375 years ago)

1577: June 28
Born in Siegen (now Germany) Pedro Pablo Rubens, a genius Flemish Baroque painter who became the main representative of Flemish painting in the 17th century. (444 years ago)

1571: December 27
Johannes Kepler was born in Wüttemberg (Germany), a German astronomer who will become famous for the "Kepler's Laws" that will deal with celestial mechanics and the movement of the stars, elliptical orbits, swept areas and the relationship between revolution and average distance to the sun. that will revolutionize the world of astronomy. (449 years ago)

1483: November 10
In Eisleben (Germany), Martin Luther, theologian and German religious reformer, was born, an important figure of the Modern Age in Europe at the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. "Lutheranism" will extend beyond religion, and will encompass all areas of life, proclaiming the definitive authority of the Word of God, as recorded in the Bible, in matters of faith and Christian life, and will show Jesus Christ as the teaching for the understanding of the Sacred Scriptures. (538 years ago)

1471: May 21
In Nuremberg (Germany), Albrecht Dürer was born, an engraver and painter who introduced the Renaissance to northern Europe. Italian masters will regard him as an equal and will admire the creative gifts of his engravings. (550 years ago)

Reported deaths in Germany
1992: October 8
Willy Brandt, German Social Democratic statesman, Chancellor from 1969 to 1974 and Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1971, whose leadership was of the utmost importance for the development of the Federal Republic of Germany as a world power, dies in Bonn (Germany), victim of cancer. (29 years ago)

1956: August 14
Bertolt Brecht, a German playwright and poet, one of the most influential of the twentieth century, the creator of the so-called "epic theater", dies in Berlin (Germany). (65 years ago)

1945: April 30
In his bunker in Berlin, a city taken over by the Soviet army, and leaving behind an invaded and defeated Germany, the fascist and intolerant fanatic Adolf Hitler commits suicide by taking poison along with what had long been his companion and converted yesterday. in his legitimate wife, Eva Braun. (76 years ago)

1945: March 12
In the Nazi concentration camp of Bergen-Belsen, located in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany, Anne Frank, a 15-year-old Jewish girl, dies of typhus, the author of a diary (a gift given to her when she turned 13) about the The clandestine life of his family in an attic of a warehouse in Amsterdam for two years in the cruel German occupation of the Netherlands. His father, Otto Frank, sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp, will be the only survivor of the family when he is liberated by the Russians in January 1945. He will be in charge of publishing the Diary that will become a symbol against oppression and violence. Nazi barbarism and in favor of freedom. (76 years ago)

1898: July 30
Dies in Friedrichsruh (now Germany) Otto von Bismarck, politician and Prime Minister of Prussia called the "Iron Chancellor", was the architect of German unification and a key player in international relations in the second half of the 19th century. (123 years ago)

1884: July 10
Carl Richard Lepsius, a German Egyptologist who founded the science of Egyptology, dies in Berlin (Germany) at the age of 74. (137 years ago)

1860: September 21
Arthur Schopenhauer, a German philosopher, dies in Frankfurt on the Main (Germany). (161 years ago)

1859: May 6
Alexander von Humbolt, naturalist, father of meteorological geography, maritime physics, volcanology and phytogeography (relationship of vegetation with the terrestrial environment) dies in Berlin (Germany). (162 years ago)

1856: July 29
In Eindenich (Germany), the German composer Robert Schumann, exponent of the musical romanticism of the 19th century, dies. (165 years ago)

1847: November 4
The German romantic composer Félix Mendelsohn, author, among others, of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" , a work containing the famous "Wedding March", dies in Leipzig (Germany). (174 years ago)

1843: June 7
Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin, a great German lyric poet, whose work bridges the classical and romantic schools, dies in Tübingen (Germany). Perhaps his best known works are "Hyperion or the hermit in Greece" and "The Death of Empedocles". (178 years ago)

1832: March 22
In Weimar (Germany) the romantic writer Johann Wolfang von Goethe, considered the most important German poet of all time, dies at the age of 82. (189 years ago)

1831: November 14
Dies in Berlin (Germany) victim of a cholera epidemic, Georg Wilhem Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher at the top of the nineteenth-century Teutonic movement of philosophical idealism, whose thought will have a profound impact on the historical materialism of Karl Marx. (190 years ago)

1716: November 14
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, a great German thinker, philosopher, mathematician, jurist and politician, dies in Hannover, now Germany. Among his many writings, "De Ars combinatoria" stands out. He was born in Leipzig in July 1646. (305 years ago)

1630: November 15
In Regensburg (Germany) Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer famous for the "Laws of Kepler" , which deals with celestial mechanics and the movement of the stars, dies. He also made great contributions in the field of optics, explaining the formation of the image in the eye. (391 years ago)

1594: December 2
In Duisburg (Germany), Gerardo Mercator, Dutch cartographer and geographer, dies. He conceived a new projection for use on maps, being the most innovative of his system that the lines of longitude were parallel, which facilitated navigation by sea by being able to mark the directions of the compasses in straight lines. (426 years ago)

1546: February 18
In Eisleben (Germany), Martin Luther, an Augustinian monk and German religious reformer, died. His call for the Church to return to the teachings of the Bible prompted the transformation of Christianity and sparked the Counter-Reformation. (475 years ago)

1543: May 24
In Frauenburg (Germany) the Polish astronomer Nicolás Copernicus died at the age of 70, who with his theory moved the center of our planetary system from the Earth to the Sun. (478 years ago)

1528: April 6
In Nuremberg (Germany), Albrecht Dürer, a German printmaker and painter who introduced the Renaissance to northern Europe, dies at the age of 56. (493 years ago)

1525: May 7
In Muhlhausen (Germany) Thomas Munzer, a German Protestant theologian, promoter of a true democracy in the Church and leader of the German peasants during their recent war, is tortured and executed to protest against the social and political oppression to which they are being subjected, vindicating the establishment of the kingdom of God, ruled by equality and fraternity, on earth. 100,000 insurgents have lost their lives in the fighting. (496 years ago)

1468: February 3
Johannes Gutenberg, a German craftsman, inventor of the printing press, dies in Mainz (Germany), thereby revolutionizing culture. (553 years ago)

1231: September 15
Louis I, Duke of Bavaria since 1183 and Count Palatine of the Rhine, died in Kelheim (present-day Germany), a title that implied being elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1214. (790 years ago)

1024: July 13
He dies in the castle of Grona, Germany, Henry II, king of Germany and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, kind to his subjects. With his death without issue, the House of Saxony loses the imperial scepter. The Church will canonize this emperor in 1146, and his wife Cunegund in 1200. (997 years ago)

814: January 28
Dies in Aachen (Germany), Charlemagne, emperor of the Holy Empire of the West, the most important European kingdom of his time. To keep it he had to fight. (1207 years ago)


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