Outstanding Events in Brazil
2018: October 28
In the elections held today in Brazil, Bolsonaro, a far-right leader, prevails with 55.2% of the votes over Fernando Haddad, of the Workers' Party. (3 years ago)
2016: August 31
The Brazilian Senate approves the dismissal of Dilma Rousseff as president of her country for the fiscal maneuvers she carried out in 2015, constituting a lack of responsibility that seriously damaged the public accounts of the country. Michel Temer, until that moment interim president and previously vice president and ally of Rousseff, assumes the presidency. (5 years ago)
2016: August 5
With the presence of 206 countries and more than 11,000 athletes, the XXXI Olympics of the Modern Era are inaugurated in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). They will close on August 21. (5 years ago)
2010: October 31
In Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, the person chosen by Lula da Silva to succeed him, proclaims herself president, becoming the first woman to reach that position in the history of her country. The candidate of the Workers' Party has obtained 56% of the votes in the second round of the presidential elections. (11 years ago)
2008: May 23
Although it arose from the meeting held in Cusco (Peru) on December 8, 2004, it is today when the Union of South American Nations, Unasur, a political and economic community made up of the twelve South American countries, is constituted in Brasilia (Brazil) and the constituent treaty. The General Secretariat of the organism will have permanent headquarters in the city of Quito, Ecuador. On the other hand, the South American Parliament will be located in the Bolivian city of Cochabamba. The main objectives of Unasur are the construction, in a participatory and consensual way, of a space of integration and union in the cultural, social, economic and political aspects among its members, using political dialogue, social policies, education, energy, infrastructure, financing and the environment, among others, (13 years ago)
2006: October 29
In Brazil, in the second round, Lula da Silva is reelected with a wide margin to serve a second term as President of the country. (15 years ago)
2002: October 27
In Brazil, the left-wing politician Lula da Silva is elected president. He will govern from January 1, 2003 to January 1, 2011. His mandate will be characterized by good economic results. (19 years ago)
1990: March 15
In Brazil, Fernando Collor de Mello, elected by free and direct suffrage since it was last held in 1960, is sworn in as president for a five-year term. His neoliberal economic policy will undermine his popularity. In addition, he will be immersed in a corruption and influence peddling scandal that will lead him to open an investigation on May 26, 1992, by the Chamber of Deputies and, as a consequence, on October 2, his vice president, Itamar Franco, assumes the presidency. (31 years ago)
1985: March 15
In Brazil, José Sarney becomes president, who will restore democracy in a transition weighed down by foreign debt and inflation. In 1988, under his mandate, the country will launch a democratic Constitution and in 1989 the first direct presidential elections in three decades will be held. (36 years ago)
1960: April 21
Although it is still under construction, Brazil opens a futuristic capital in the middle of the Amazon jungle: Brasilia. Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer, architects, fulfill a promise made by President Juscelino Kubitschek to his voters in 1955 during the electoral campaign. Its construction began in 1956. In 1987 UNESCO will declare it part of the world heritage, avoiding the modification of its original structure and promoting its preservation. (61 years ago)
1956: January 31
After winning the elections the Brazilian Social Democratic Party, Juscelino Kubitshek assumes the presidency and promises a term with "fifty years of progress". (65 years ago)
1951: January 31
In Brazil, Getulio Vargas is sworn in as president after his electoral victory last October, five years after being deposed from power, to which he had previously acceded three times and after having implemented the Brazilian "Estado Novo" (regime authoritarian). His government will be characterized by the industrialization and modernization of the country and by introducing social improvements, which will not finally reach the most disadvantaged people. After a political crisis and an intense campaign against his way of governing, Getulio committed suicide in August 1954. (70 years ago)
1891: February 24
What is recognized as the first republican constitution of Brazil is promulgated, which has drawn on the sources of the most important constitutions of the time, such as that of the United States and that of France. It states that the Brazilian State is a Federal Republic with a presidential government, grants universal male suffrage for all literate Brazilians over 21 years of age, expands human rights, assures the accused the broadest defense and abolishes exclusion penalties. criminal and death, among others. (130 years ago)
1889: November 17
Two days after the triumph of the revolution in Brazil, Emperor Pedro II and his family embark on exile for Lisbon. (132 years ago)
1889: November 15
In Brazil, as a result of a peaceful coup without popular participation led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, who will later become the first Brazilian republican president, Pedro II, the second and last emperor, is deposed after a reign of 49 years. from Brazil. The monarchy had been established in this South American country in 1822, when the crown prince of Portugal challenged its Parliament and proclaimed an independent Brazil under his command. In 1831, Emperor Pedro I abdicated his five-year-old son and returned to Portugal. Pedro II was crowned emperor in 1841. During his long reign of almost five decades, Brazil enjoyed unprecedented stability in which he managed to stabilize its economy and develop in all areas. Nonetheless, the growing middle class and the army did not see him favorably, arguing his advanced age and that he was outdated to promote the reforms the country needed. After his deposition, Pedro II will go into exile in Europe and will die in Paris two years later. (132 years ago)
1888: May 13
In Brazil, Emperor Pedro II, through the Golden Law, decrees the abolition of slavery without compensation for the owners. (133 years ago)
1865: May 1
Although the war began in December of last year, today the Triple Alliance treaty between Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay is secretly signed in the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina) to confront Paraguay, ruled by Marshal Francisco Solano. Lopez. The contest, which will conclude in March 1870 with the Paraguayan defeat, will be the bloodiest in South America. (156 years ago)
1864: November 12
As a consequence of the capture of the Brazilian ship "Marqués de Olinda" by Paraguay, in retaliation for the Brazilian invasion of Uruguay, a war begins between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina) that will last until 1870. (ago 157 years)
1859: November 24
Charles Darwin publishes his great work "The Origin of Species" , the result of more than 20 years of research work, meticulous and detailed observation and trips aboard the beautiful brig "Beagle" as a naturalist, on a journey that lasted five years for both coasts of South America, Galapagos, Tahiti, New Zealand, Australia, Tasmania, Keeling Island, Mauritius, Brazil and the Azores. He was able to perceive the subtle differences between the birds of the Galapagos archipelago that live in different natural environments. In his book he scientifically manifests his theory of natural selection as the cause of the evolutionary impulse of species. The inspiration for this theory was found in the great English economist Thomas Malthus. (162 years ago)
1840: July 23
In Brazil, although Pedro II has been emperor since 1831, when he was only 5 years old, it is today when Parliament declares him of legal age and abolishes the regency, assuming the government as emperor, a position he will hold until 1889 and under which command the Brazilian economy will undergo a decisive development. (181 years ago)
1827: February 20
Within the framework of the Argentine-Brazilian War (1825-1828) the decisive Battle of Ituzaingó takes place, near the ford of Rosario, which is located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (present-day Brazil). In this battle, the joint Army of Argentina and Uruguay defeats the troops of the Empire of Brazil, being the embryo of the Preliminary Peace Convention to be signed in 1828, by which Uruguay will be recognized as an independent, free and sovereign State. On the battlefield the Brazilians left some 1,200 casualties, 400 dead and wounded, and 800 prisoners; on the contrary, the Argentines and Uruguayans about 150 dead and 260 wounded. (194 years ago)
1827: February 16
In present-day Uruguay, Argentine and Brazilian troops face each other in the battle of Ombú for control of the Banda Oriental, which has belonged to Brazil since 1824. The Argentines, under the command of General Lucio Norberto Mansilla, attack the Brazilian troops of Bento Manuel Ribeiro , which are scattered. For this fact, Mansilla will be decorated by the federal government, and the commander of the Argentine forces, Carlos María de Alvear, will be appointed chief of the General Staff. (194 years ago)
1825: August 29
The Treaty of Rio de Janeiro is established, after concluding the so-called "War of Independence of Brazil", signed between Portugal and Brazil by which the Portuguese crown recognizes the independence of the old kingdom of Brazil, but reserves Juan VI of Portugal, father of Pedro I, the title of Emperor of Brazil. Brazil also pays compensation of one million pounds sterling to the kingdom of Portugal. (196 years ago)
1822: September 7
In Sao Paulo, on the banks of the Ipiranga River, the regent emperor Pedro I renounces Portuguese rule and proclaims the independence of Brazil, shouting "Independence or death!" (199 years ago)
1821: April 5
The Battle of Camacuá takes place in the Brazilian municipality of Bagé, a confrontation between Argentina and Brazil for control of the Banda Oriental. It will be Argentina's last victory in the Brazilian campaign. (200 years ago)
1807: October 27
In Fontainebleau (France), Napoleon signs a treaty with Spain in which the division of Portugal and Brazil into three parts is projected. (214 years ago)
1777: October 1
In San Ildefonso (Segovia, Spain) an old dispute over borders between the Spanish colonies and Brazil was put to an end, when Portugal and Spain signed a treaty on limits and possessions in South America. (244 years ago)
1711: September 23
Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) surrenders to the French corsair René Duguay-Trouin after destroying in eleven days the fortifications of the city that, until then, seemed impregnable. It will force the city to pay large ransoms and release 1,000 French prisoners. (310 years ago)
1599: December 25
In present-day Brazil, the Portuguese Jerónimo de Albuquerque founded the city of Santiago, later renamed Natal. Between 1633 and 1654, it will be occupied by the Dutch who will change its name to New Amsterdam. (421 years ago)
1554: January 25
Jesuit missionaries, led by Father José de Anchieta, founded the city of Sao Paulo (in present-day Brazil) and called it that because on this day the Church celebrates the Conversion of Saint Paul. (467 years ago)
1549: March 29
Thomé de Souza, a Portuguese military and politician, founded the city of Salvador de Bahia, the first capital of Brazil and one of the oldest cities in the country and the administrative and religious center of the Portuguese colonies in America until 1763, the year in which the capital to the town of Rio de Janeiro. (472 years ago)
1542: August 24
Orellana reaches the Atlantic after crossing a mighty river. On the trip he has been attacked by some Indian women and that is why he baptizes it with the name of Amazonas, a Greek legend about a town of warrior women. (479 years ago)
1542: January 31
The Spanish navigator and explorer Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, while making a land expedition from the Atlantic Ocean to Asunción del Paraguay, discovers the Iguazú Falls, on the current borders of Brazil and Argentina, one of the most impressive natural beauties on the planet. , which will be declared a Natural World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984. (479 years ago)
1502: January 1
The Italian navigator Américo Vespucio, who is in the service of King Manuel I of Portugal, discovers the bay that will be called Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. (519 years ago)
1500: April 22
The Portuguese navigator and explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who follows the maritime route of Vasco de Gama's trip to India, sees South American lands, near where the current city of Porto Seguro, Brazil is located, and takes possession of the entire northwestern territory Brazilian in the name of the Crown of Portugal and, to the new discovered land, he gives the name of "Land of the Holy Cross". (521 years ago)
1500: January 30
The Spanish navigator Vicente Yáñez Pinzón became the first European to see the Amazon River, upon reaching its mouth. The river is also called Marañón. Years later, in 1542, Francisco de Orellana will visit it from its source in the Peruvian jungles, to its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean. (521 years ago)
1500: January 26
Before the Portuguese do, the ships of the Spanish Vicente Yáñez Pinzón land on a beach where they find numerous human footprints in the sand. During two days they will be dedicated to exploring the surroundings but they will not see anyone. In some trees they decide to engrave the names of Isabel and Fernando as a sign of their taking possession of that place. They call it Cape Santa María de la Consolación (current Cape San Agustín), a land that will later be called Brazil. On April 22, the Portuguese nobleman and navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral will take possession of these lands on behalf of Portugal. (521 years ago)
Outstanding births in Brazil
1960: March 21
In the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, the one who will be Formula 1 driver Ayrton Senna da Silva is born. He will win the World Championship for Formula 1 Drivers in the years 1988, 1990 and 1991. On May 1, 1994, during the dispute of the San Marino Grand Prix at the Enzo e Dino Ferrari racetrack in Imola, he will find death in a regrettable accident in competition. (61 years ago)
1947: August 24
Born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the journalist and writer Paulo Coelho de Souza. In 1988 he wrote "The Alchemist" , a symbolic book that will deal with the dreams we want to achieve in life and the means we use to achieve them. This narrative will grant him universal renown. (74 years ago)
1940: October 23
Born in Tres Coraçoes, Brazil, Edson Arantes do Nascimento, who will be known worldwide as "Pelé" and will be nicknamed the "King". He will be considered the best footballer of all time. With his great ball touch technique, he will give his country three World Cup victories in 1958, 1962 and 1970. (81 years ago)
1938: December 14
In Concordia, Brazil, Leonardo Boff, theorist of Liberation Theology, was born. (82 years ago)
1931: June 18
In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Fernando Henrique Cardoso was born, a Brazilian politician and sociologist who will be president of the Republic of Brazil from 1995 to 2002. During his term in office, he will contain inflation and keep the currency stable, carry out a privatization plan and put an end to the hydrocarbon and telecommunications monopoly. It will not reduce the public deficit and in 2001 it will explode corruption scandals. (90 years ago)
1912: August 10
In the municipality of Itabuna, Brazil, the Brazilian writer Jorge Amado comes to the world. His works, of a realistic and ironic nature, will denounce social injustices. He will write "Tierras del sinfín" , considered his masterpiece. (109 years ago)
1907: December 15
The architect Óscar Niemeyer, one of the fathers of the modernist city of Brasilia, was born in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). (113 years ago)
1872: August 5
Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz was born in Sao Luís do Paraitinga (Brazil), who will be a Brazilian epidemiologist, a pioneer in the studies of tropical diseases and experimental medicine. He will be the general director of Public Health and will collaborate in reforming the Brazilian sanitary code. It will fight to eradicate yellow fever, bubonic plague and smallpox in Rio de Janeiro, launching, despite criticism, a health campaign that, in addition to isolating the sick, will impose the mandatory vaccine. (149 years ago)
1869: October 26
Born in Sao Paulo, Washington, Luis Pereira de Sousa, who will be appointed Governor of the State of Sao Paulo from 1920 to 1924. In November 1926, he will take office as President of Brazil, directing his policy to clean up the Treasury and boost infrastructures. Shortly after he will accentuate his conservatism trying to create an autocratic government. With the crash of 1929, the fall in coffee prices and internal opposition to his policy, he will be deposed by a political-military coup led by Getúlio Vargas, in the so-called 1930 Revolution. He will be succeeded by Augusto Tasso Fragoso. (152 years ago)
1841: October 4
In Itu, a Brazilian municipality, Prudente de Morais was born, the third president of Brazil from 1894 to 1898 and the first civilian to take office. During his tenure, he will favor the interests of coffee growers. (180 years ago)
1825: December 2
Born in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) Pedro II, called "The Magnanimous", who will be Emperor of Brazil from 1831, when the Regency period begins because he is only 5 years old, which will last until he is crowned emperor in 1841, position that he will occupy until 1889. Under his reign the country will reach a significant degree of development in all areas. (196 years ago)
1798: October 12
In Lisbon, the Portuguese capital, Pedro IV, king of Portugal and first emperor of Brazil, was born under the name of Pedro I. (223 years ago)
Reported deaths in Brazil
2012: December 5
In his hometown of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) the architect Óscar Niemeyer, one of the fathers of the modernist city of Brasilia, a paradigm of 20th century architecture and communist to the end, dies at the age of 104. In 1956, together with the urban planner Lucio Costa, he projected an entire city (Brasilia) on paper and was able to see it built four years later. (9 years ago)
1988: December 22
The Brazilian trade unionist and environmental leader Chico Mendes, defender of the Amazon and promoter of the Alliance of the Peoples of the Jungle, is assassinated in Xapuri (Brazil) for denouncing rural violence and the destruction of the Amazon rainforest. His murderers: a landowner and his son who will be sentenced to 19 years in prison. (32 years ago)
1954: August 24
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas, President of the Republic since 1951, commits suicide in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), after receiving serious coup threats from the Army and three more times. It industrialized and modernized the country to improve the lives of workers and introduced social improvements, although these did not reach the most disadvantaged rural areas. (67 years ago)
1932: July 23
Racked by severe depressions, the Brazilian pioneer engineer of aviation and airship builder Alberto Santos Dumont hangs himself at his residence in Guarujá (Brazil) at the age of 59. In 1897 he had made his first attempt at ascent in a balloon in Paris. In 1901 he won an award for flying his gasoline-powered airship between Saint-Cloud and the Eiffel Tower. (89 years ago)
1834: September 24
Pedro I, emperor of Brazil, died in Lisbon (Portugal), who proclaimed this country independent from Portugal, becoming the first emperor of Brazil from October 1824 to April 1831, when he abdicated in favor of his son Pedro II. (187 years ago)
1816: March 20
He died in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, where he has been in exile since 1807 with his family, Maria I, Queen of Portugal since 1777. His body will be taken back to Lisbon and buried in the Estrela church. (205 years ago)
